Abstract: Substituted pyridines of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydroxyl or chlorine, and a) X is hydrogen or chlorine, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are .dbd.O, R.sup.4 is a group of the formula --OR.sup.5 and R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or benzyl orb) X is hydrogen and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are .dbd.N--NH--, orc) X and R.sup.2 each is hydrogen and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are --O--, ord) X and R.sup.2 each is hydrogen, R.sup.3 is hydroxyl and R.sup.4 is amino or hydroxy.The compounds are obtained by subjecting nicotine to microbiological oxidation to give 5-succinoyl-2-pyridone, followed by chemical reactions. The compounds are suitable as intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A book kit for a drawing game which includes a book and a pen. The book has a front cover page which has a series of holes located along one edge thereof and a back cover page which has a series of holes located along one edge thereof. Such edge corresponds to the edge of the front cover page. A number of internal pages located between the front cover page and the back cover page. The internal pages each have a series of holes located along one edge thereof. The internal pages are transparent pages alternated with non-transparent pages. One side of each of the non-transparent internal pages contains a photograph or print of clouds in the sky. There is a binder which is a metal or plastic spiral or which has pliable prongs which extend through the holes along the side of the front cover page, the back cover page and the internal pages. The binder has a lateral cross-section which is round and has a central longitudinal passageway. A pocket is located on the internal face of the back cover page.

Abstract: A syringe has a drug-containing cartridge with a bung at one end which is engaged by a plunger, and a membrane at its other end which is penetrated by a needle. A connecting structure is connected to (or is formed integrally with) the needle and fits onto the forward end of the cartridge and the syringe. After use the cartridge, the connecting structure and the needle can be disposed together. A sleeve is slidably mounted on the structure and can be moved to sheath the needle.

Abstract: A flight control indicator for twin-engine aircraft, in particular a rotary-wing aircraft comprising two turboengines for driving at least one rotor, intended to provide the power margin available on the engines of the aircraft as a function of the flight conditions. Display means (6) presents a single dial (8) furnished with two needles (9.sub.1, 9.sub.2), each of them corresponding to a respective engine, and positioned in such a way that, when the engines are operating normally, the two needles are merged.

Abstract: Multilayer film material (22) for manufacturing a pipe-shaped body (21) of tube (17). The film material (22) contains at least one barrier layer (10). The film material (22) is of thickness (d) extending form the outside (14) of the pipe-shaped body (21) to the inside of the same. At least one barrier layer (10) is arranged within a distance (a) of the inside (15) of the pipe-shaped body (21). The distance (a) represents 5 to 40% of the total thickness (d) representing 100 percent. The film material used on a tube exhibits therefore a barrier layer which lies close to the inside of the tube and hence also close to the contents of the tube. Volatile constituents of the tube contents beings able to penetrate essentially only to the barrier layer and are not able to become concentrated in the other, thick layers of the wall.

Abstract: Reflector having a composite reflectivity-enhancing layer as reflecting surface layer on a reflector body where the composite layer has an outer layer facing the radiation to be reflected, the HI-layer, with a refractive index n.sub.2, and, between the reflector body and the outer layer, an LI-layer with a refractive index n.sub.1 which is smaller than n.sub.2 and the LI and HI layers are .lambda./4 layers. The HI layer is a sol-gel layer and the optical layer thickness d.sub.opt,1 of the LI layer and d.sub.opt,2 of the HI layer are such thatd.sub.opt,i =d.sub.i.n.sub.i =l.sub.i..lambda./4.+-.20 nm, i=1 or 2where d.sub.1 represents the thickness of the LI layer in nm, d.sub.2 the thickness of the HI layer in nm, .lambda. the average wavelength in nm of the light striking the reflector surface and l.sub.1, l.sub.2 are uneven natural numbers. The LI layer is a barrier layer of aluminium oxide made by anodizing, or a sol-gel layer.

Abstract: A respitory assistance apparatus which includes:(a) a plurality of outputs (7.1 to 7.n), each of which can assist one patient;(b) a plurality of links (8.1 to 8.n) which respectively connect a respiratory gas source to one of the outputs of the apparatus;(c) a plurality of links (9.1 to 9.n) which respectively connect controlled valve means (5), fed with respiratory gas, to one of the outputs of the apparatus, so that each of the outputs of the apparatus receives one link of each of the pluralities; and(d) flow regulator means (10.1 to 10.n) which are mounted on at least some of the links.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of malononitrile, which involves subjecting an isonitrile, optionally in the presence of a nitrile, to a high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: Packaging material for packaging moisture-sensitive products, for example soft cheese which in some cases undergoes a maturing process in the packaging.The packaging material contains at least two functional layers,a) a first functional layer (10, 11) which exhibits mechanical strength and can take up, store and release moisture, e.g. coated paper andb) a second functional layer (12, 13) which lies on the first functional layer and exhibits permeability to gases, the said permeability varying as a function of the moisture, e.g. a plastic laminate comprising an ionomer resin and a polyamide,the first functional layer and the second functional layer being permanently joined to each other.

Abstract: A bypass jet engine which includes a confluent nozzle (8) and a thrust reverser (7), controlled means (14) arranged at the periphery of the confluent nozzle (8) adjacent to the mouth of an annular bypass duct (4) and inside this nozzle to vary the confluence cross section. The bypass jet engine also includes means of shifting the pivot pins (20) of the reverser doors (7) in order to reduce the cross section of the outlet orifice of the nozzle when the controlled means (14) of varying the confluence cross section increase the confluence cross section and, conversely, to increase the cross section of the outlet orifice of the nozzle when the controlled means (14) reduce the confluence cross section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an installation for automatically purifying one or more enclosures located in one or more premises, such as toilets, comprising:a supply module comprising a control panel and a reservoir of liquid purifying product;at least one module for spraying the purifying product, comprising an electrovalve and a spray;each spray module being connected to the supply module via a single pipe;characterized in that it comprises means for placing said product under pressure, solely in said pipe, the pressure being substantially greater than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The objective of the invention is to compensate for the attenuation, in a direction (X,X), of the radiation from an antenna (5) mounted on a helicopter (1), including elements (12) which disturb the propagation of electromagnetic waves. According to the invention, at least one conducting wire (14) is fixed on the structure (1) of said helicopter, in proximity to said antenna (5), and positioned so that the electromagnetic interaction between said antenna (5) and said conducting wire (14) at least partially compensates for said attenuation of radiation.

Abstract: A livestock feeder has a trough having a downwardly sloping section of a feeding surface ending in a lowermost portion disposed below a suspended horizontal bottom hay bale stop bar. The horizontal bottom hay bale stop bar is positioned above and not in contact with the feeding surface of the trough. The animals may feed directly from the hay bale by reaching below the bottom stop bar or may feed through the inner frame, by reaching above the stop bar. The outer cage and inner frame define a livestock feeding region which functions such that when the livestock are feeding, loosened and dropped seed and hay flow down the downwardly sloping feeding surface, towards the front wall of the trough and into the lowermost portion where they are retained until they are consumed by the livestock without wastage. The feeder has access for feeding by the livestock limited to the front wall side of the feeder, resulting in easy, safe accessibility by vehicles used for loading the feeder or transporting the feeder.

Abstract: Optically active piperazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## in which X is alkoxy or a (substituted) amino group, are prepared by asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding pyrazinecarboxylic acid derivatives, catalyzed by optically active rhodium complexes. The compounds of the formula I are intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceutical active substances, for example, HIV protease inhibitors.

Abstract: There is provided a laminated heating structure comprising a molding layer (A) made of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer, a conductive layer (B) for heating a protective coating layer (C) by applying an electric current therethrough, and the protective coating layer (C), provided that the layers (A), (B) and (C) are laminated in this order, and an inexpensive laminated heating structure excellent in heat resistance, dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength, reduced in electric power consumption, and shortened in build-up time.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid amides of the general formula (I), where R.sup.1 means hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or arylalkyl, R.sup.2 means alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 mean independently from each other hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl or R.sup.2 forms an alicyclic system with R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 and the adjacent C atom(s), R.sup.6 being hydrogen or acyl. The products are obtained from the corresponding tetrahydropyrazine carboxylic acid nitriles and olefins or corresponding carbenium ion precursors and possibly carboxylic acids in a Ritter reaction. The products are new and can be used, for example, for the production of piperazine carboxylic acid amides.

Abstract: According to the invention:said machine comprises:a base plate (8) through which a segment of a disk (4) can pass, said base plate preventing matter from the grooves from being thrown outward;means firmly pressing said base plate and said disk against the ground; andthe disk (4) is mounted so that it can rotate freely, so as to make in the ground, without removing matter, a recess that corresponds to said groove.

Abstract: A process for the production of aryl cyanates of the general formula I: ##STR1## A phenol of the general formula II: ##STR2## a tertiary amine and cyanogen chloride, of which at least one of the three components is present as a solution in an organic solvent, are fed essentially simultaneously and continuously at a temperature of -20.degree. C. to 0.degree. C. and in a molar ratio of cyanogen chloride to the reactive hydroxy groups of the phenol of 1.0:1.0 to 1.2:1.0 in a cooled loop reactor, so that the reaction components, before they come in contact with one another, are prediluted by the reaction mixture circulating in the loop reactor. Simultaneously, a stream of the reaction mixture corresponding to the fed volume of the reaction components is drawn off from the circulation.

Abstract: Binuclear iridium (I) phosphine complexes of the general formula: ##STR1## in which X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, and ##STR2## is in each case a chiral bidentate diphosphine ligand. The complexes are particularly suitable as catalysts for the inter- or intramolecular asymmetric hydroamination of prochiral olefins.