Abstract: A manufacturing method for an ink jet recording head including the steps of preparing a recording element substrate provided with an ejection outlet array for ejecting ink; preparing a supporting member, provided with a plurality of ink supply passages, for supporting the recording element substrate; and connecting the recording element substrate to the supporting member with an adhesive material. The supporting member has an adhesive material application region surrounding adjacent ink supply passages, and a part of the adhesive material application region which extends along the ejection outlet array has a width larger than another part of the adhesive material application region.

Abstract: A table is allocated indexes corresponding to display positions on a monitor screen, respectively, and data indicating an unexposed part at each of the display positions is stored in each index of the table. Focal position information is acquired from Exif header information on image data of an image, and a location of one of the indexes in the table at which no image data is registered is searched in an ascending order of the indexes. According to the table, the images are arranged so that the focal position of each image differs from the unexposed part at the display position of the image.

Abstract: According to the invention, in an apparatus which can perform a data communication through a plurality of networks such as internet, public telephone network, and the like, an optimum network to perform the data communication is automatically selected in accordance with communicating conditions such as a communicating mode and the like, thereby enabling a data communication via the selected optimum network to be executed.

Abstract: The present invention relates notably to a method for sharing a transmission medium between communication apparatuses having an identifier, each adapted on the one hand to transmit messages by device of the transmission medium, during so-called "transmission" phases, and/or on the other hand to receive messages by device of the transmission medium, during so-called "reception" phases. Each communication apparatus stores, in each reception phase, and associated with identifiers, activity states representing the last messages transmitted by the communication apparatuses having these identifiers, in their own transmission phases. In a so-called "transmission preparation" phase preceding each transmission phase, each communication apparatus determines, according to first predetermined rules taking into account at least certain of the said activity states, at what moment it can transmit a message on the transmission medium.

Abstract: An electron beam illumination device has an electron gun for emitting an electron beam, a slit plate formed with a slit opening portion, which has the beam axis of the electron gun as the center, and a deflector for scanning the electron beam along the slit opening portion by deflecting the electron beam, and rotating or reciprocally moving the electron beam to have the beam axis as the center. The electron beam irradiation region on the mask and the exposure region on the wafer can be broadened, and the electron beam can be irradiated onto these regions at uniform irradiation intensity.

Abstract: A method for making a photovoltaic device includes the steps of: (a) forming a transparent conductive layer on a substrate, (b) putting the surface of the transparent conductive layer into contact with an ionized inert gas, and (c) forming a semiconductor layer thereon. The transparent conductive layer is formed such that in the cross-section of the transparent conductive layer, a mean distance between relative minimum points is 2,000 nm or less and a mean tilt angle between a surface line originated from a measuring point and a base line connecting to the nearest two adjacent relative minimum points over the entire measured region is 5.degree. or more.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography, comprising toner particles and an additive, is obtained by mixing toners A and B together which are obtained by respectively adding the additive to each of at least two toner particle groups (a) and (b) having different particle size distributions. The average particle size of the toner particle group (a) is smaller than that of the toner particle group (b), and the amount of additive in the toner A is larger than that in the toner B. The toner reduces the differences in development conditions between different particle sizes due to broadening of toner particle size distribution, thereby enabling a stable image quality to be obtained which maintains a high image density for an extended period of time and is relatively free from fog generation in non-image portions.