Abstract: The present invention provides an ink-jet head, an ink-jet cartridge and an ink-jet apparatus, which can provide certain and stable electrical connection in a separable manner between an energy generation element unit and a driving element unit. The ink-jet head includes the energy generation element unit U.sub.E having signal wires for supplying electric signals for heat generating resistors, and connecting electrodes projectingly provided at the ends of the signal wires positioned on the mating surface F.sub.E, and the driving element unit U.sub.D having signal wires for feeding electric signals from the driving elements for driving head generating resistors, and connecting electrodes projectingly provided at the ends of the signal wires positioned on the mating surface F.sub.D. The connecting electrodes are connected to each other by mutually mating the mating surfaces F.sub.E and F.sub.D of the energy generation element unit U.sub.E and the driving element unit U.sub.D.

Abstract: A higher-performance, energy saving recording apparatus, having a stepping motor as a driving source, presumes an out-of-phase state of the stepping motor. Driving setting parameters of the stepping motor are changed when an out-of-phase state of the stepping motor is presumed.

Abstract: A control apparatus including a plurality of loads for processing, a controller for controlling operation of the loads, the controller including a first memory having a microprogram stored therein to operate the loads sequentially, a second memory for storing data to be used during control of the loads, means for repeatedly generating a pulse during execution of the microprogram, and an output port for outputting the pulse. The controller is operable to output the pulse repeatedly from the output port during intervals of normal execution of the microprogram. An initializer is further provided to detect the pulse outputted from the output port, and for designating the controller as abnormal if the pulse from the output port is not detected within a predetermined period of time. To prevent the apparatus from operating erroneously, the controller initiates execution of its microprogram in response to initialization by the initializer and clears the data stored in its second memory.