Abstract: A photographic film cassette is provided with a radial bar coded disk having first and second arcuate segments of differing radial lengths to form a gap between the disk and a circumferential lip of the cassette housing. When the cassette is removed from a camera after the film has been fully or partially exposed, the gap is positioned so as to align with a double exposure prevention hook in the camera. During a subsequent attempt to insert the cassette into the camera, the hook enters the gap and engages the housing lip to thereby prevent complete insertion of the cassette.

Abstract: A method of operating a photographic camera to record data in correspondence with a picture frame includes activating a flash to provide illumination for exposing the picture frame onto a photographic film. Sensing is performed to determine if light generated by the flash is reflected from a subject in the picture frame. Data is recorded in association with the picture frame indicating if reflected light is sensed. In accordance with a method of operating a photographic printer to print a negative frame, the reflected flash illumination data associated with the negative frame is read. An appropriate exposure for the negative frame is selected based at least in part on the presence or absence of the sensed reflected flash illumination.

Abstract: An improved method of producing positive photographic prints in hybrid photofinishing system employing a digital image printer to produce an intermediate negative image on a non-photographic medium wherein digital data used to print the negative includes code values simulating an orange mask effect in the negative. The improvement in the method involves a reduction in the orange mask values in the digital data so as to reduce the D-max values required for digitally printing the intermediate negative thereby reducing print cost and throughput time in the process. In a further improvement, the printer code values for pixels corresponding to full white in the final image are forced to values that print as black in the negative thereby eliminating the orange mask effect for these pixels and rendering improved rendition of full white areas in the final image print.

Abstract: Camera apparatus operative with a film cartridge having a rotatable radial bar coded data disc thereon positioned at predetermined angular settings corresponding that indicate the condition of film in the cartridge, i.e. exposed, unexposed, partially exposed, etc.. The setting of the disc is determined during initial film spool rotation during the film loading process by counting with the optical sensor in the camera the number of bar code elements occurring between the initial set position of the disc and a reference position on the disc such as an edge of a quiet zone element normally included on the radial bar coded disc. The visual exposure indicator (VEI) positions on the cartridge are spaced about the perimeter of the cartridge such that there exist unambiguous element count ranges corresponding to each of the cartridge VEI positions.

Abstract: Scanners for use in photofinishing operations are well-known. However, many known devices suffer from the problem of being bulky and/or having a limited range of functions. Described herein is a scanner (10) formed by a bundle of optical fibres which enables information on a film (12) to be determined. The bundle of optical fibres is divided into two sets, one which scans the film (12) through slit 1 for information relating to frame (20), and a second set which scans the film (12) through slits (2, 3, 4, 5) for other information such as DX codes (24), frame numbers or sprocket holes (26) contained in the edge (22) of the film (12). Information from the film (12) is passed to a computer (30) via an interface (28) and the information derived is used to actuate means (32).

Abstract: In a camera, data is recorded onto a film magnetic layer by anhysteretic recording with a device comprised of a planar master medium attached to a ring core, the core a magnetic field gap formed therein at the point at which it is attached to the master medium. A slightly underdamped L/C resonant circuit is formed with excitation windings on the core to provide an alternating bias field to the master medium to effect the anhysteretic recording of the master data onto the film magnetic layer. Provision is made to ensure intimate contact between the master medium and the film magnetic layer while the film is stationary during the recording process.

Abstract: A method of operating a photographic printer to provide for automatic setup for a plurality of film types and conditions in which film term data for film types encountered by the printer is automatically created and periodically updated to reflect current experience using accumulated historical density data derived from scanning of film strips and in which exposure of image frames from a current film strip to a photosensitive medium is adjusted either by average density information stored for one or more film types from the historical data or by average density information derived from the current film strip with determination of which average density information to use being made automatically by comparison of either or both of film type or average minimum density information of the film strip with the corresponding stored information. Automatic adjustment of tungsten illumination exposure and automatic updating of slope compensation factors for under- and over-exposed negatives are also described.

Abstract: Exposure control apparatus, and various accompanying methods, for use in a photographic camera for improving the overall quality of photographed images, i.e. increasing the number of acceptable and higher quality images, that are produced by the camera for user-selected non-standard display sizes and/or different focal length photographing modes over that obtainable by adherence to ISO/ANSI exposure standards. The quality improvement is attained through user selection of a desired display size and/or focal length photographing mode for each image to be captured followed by an optimization, for that size and mode, of various photographic exposure parameters (exposure settings and, where appropriate, flash parameters). The invention violates the ISO/ANSI exposure standards where necessary to improve image quality, for the desired display size and focal length photographing mode, beyond that which would result from adherence to these standards.

Abstract: Film encodement method and apparatus for optically encoding image frame format information on the film in a camera adapted to receive film having film metering perforations along one side of the film which are spaced apart by the length of film frame areas on the film. Data representing a desired frame format for the resultant photoprint is optically encoded on the film between the spaced apart perforations by the same perforation sensor LED, operative in the visible light spectral region, as is used to perform film metering in the camera.

Abstract: A zoom lens drive mechanism, for translationally driving and positionally locating a lens subgroup of a zoom lens to a zooming position along an optical axis of the zoom lens, comprises a base ring member having an aperture concentrically defined about the optical axis of the zoom lens and a drive ring member rotatably mounted on the base member for concentric rotation about the optical axis with axial constraint. A translatable lens subgroup ring member is suspended concentrically from the base and drive ring members by means of rods independently coupled at first ends thereof to the base and drive ring members and joined at second ends thereof to a common pivot point on the translatable ring member. Alternative split ball joint arrangements are described for coupling the suspension rods to the translatable ring member.

Abstract: In a device for moving a slide from a slide tray via a slide chute (3) into a slide gate, an integral component (1) is provided which includes the slide chute (3), a support means for a motor-driven cam (15) and support means for a slide lifter (22), slide pressure means (24, 26) and a tray release lever (16) adapted to arrest a slide tray as well as supporting guide means (6, 6a) for the tray release lever (16) and guides (8d, 8e) adapted to receive the lens mount.

Abstract: A system and method of image reproduction in color with preferential tone mapping in which the image reproduction is subjected to a scene parameter transformation which when taken in conjunction with untransformed characteristics of the image reproduction system and method results in a reproduced tone mapping having instantaneous gamma values of viewed reproduction density relative to density of the original scene which are greater than 1.0 and less than 1.0 plus 0.35 times scene exposure density over a scene exposure density range of from 0.6 to 1.45 as measured relative to a zero density, 100% diffuse reflector in the original scene. Preferably, the instantaneous gamma values within this scene exposure density range further lie substantially within a range of values subtended by an angle of 14.degree. as measured from a reference point at 0.0 scene exposure density and 1.0 viewed reproduction density gradient.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining camera user's preference in reproduced images includes a display of a series of images with varying color balance characteristic and means to record color balance preference data associated with a user-selected image. The data is stored and transferred, along with camera film bearing images of scenes taken by the camera user, to the photofinisher for use in controlling reproduction of the image prints in accordance with the image preference data. The data may be stored on a storage medium, such as a memory card, for direct transfer to the photofinisher or it may be stored in a camera internal memory for recording on the film medium, the latter approach assuring the preference data is available at the printer for use in the image reproduction process.

Abstract: A photographic film cartridge has a word imprinted on the exterior surface of the cartridge visually indicating exposure status of film in the cartridge. A thermally responsive coating of a phase change medium overlies a portion of the word such that when the medium is rendered opaque, the word meaning is changed to indicate that the film is in an exposed state. The camera is provided with a heat generating element that is activated when images are exposed onto the film to render the phase change medium opaque. The camera is also provided with an opto-sensor and control means responsive to the phase change medium to allow loading of the film when the medium is in its unchanged condition and to prevent loading of the film when the phase change medium is changed to indicate exposed film in the cartridge.

Abstract: Audio to be recorded in a photographic film camera in association with individual exposed frames is first digitized and stored in a temporary storage memory in the camera allowing playback through a speaker mounted in the camera to permit playback review and editing, as needed. When the film is advanced in the camera to the next exposure frame, the digital audio signal is recorded on a magnetic layer formed on the film. At the photofinisher, the digital audio signal is read and converted to suitable encodement format, such as bar code or binary coded blister marks which are impressed on the photoprint for subsequent playback.

Abstract: A camera in accordance with the invention includes a display circuit that uses the decay voltage of a storage capacitor to determine the time interval during which an information display of the camera will be illuminated. When the storage capacitor decay voltage falls below a predetermined value, power to the information display is removed. The storage capacitor is used to power another camera system and therefore is not an additional component necessary for the display circuit alone.

Abstract: Film gate for a virtual contact scanner includes a base having a precision site adapted to receive a solid-state scanner assembly so as to position the sensor photosites at a precise spacing from the film image plane. A separate circuit board carrying control circuits for the scanner assembly is clamped over the scanner with contact terminals aligned with mating input/output terminals of the scanner assembly. Preferably the scanner terminals are aligned with open slots in the substrate and electrical contact is made between the scanner and circuit board terminals by means of compressible electrically conductive pads. Clamping force is concentrated over the region of electrical contact between the circuit board and scanner terminals to assure good electrical contact.

Abstract: Non-contact measurement of the sharpness of the cutting edge of a slitting or chopping knife is made repeatably placing a capacitance sensor probe symmetrically over the cutting edge at a predetermined distance (nominal offset) from the calibrated sharp edge of the knife and measuring the capacitance to derive a measurement that varies with knife wear (increasing knife edge radius). A novel sensor holder allowing for repeatable precision placement of the sensor.

Abstract: A photographic printer having a print station for generating photographic prints from photographic film frame images and an exposure determination film frame image scanner used in determining print exposure operating conditions at the print station. The printer is provided with an index print signal generator responsive to the output of the exposure determination film scanner to produce a matrix of film frame image signals from which index prints are produced by either the print station or by means of a separate printer.

Abstract: Off-the-film metering in a photographic film camera is improved by measuring actual film reflectivity at the time of film manufacture and recording a film adjusted exposure constant on a magnetic recording layer on the film. Camera apparatus is provided to read this film adjusted exposure constant value and generate an adjustable reference level representative of actual film reflectivity which is then used in confunction off-the-film metering apparatus to control exposure of the film in accordance with actual film reflectivity values rather than a fixed or assumed value. Measured film exposure aim may also be recorded at film production and used to control film exposure in the camera.