Abstract: An improved hologram writer writes a halogram from a three dimensional data stream or signal such as a signal corresponding to a scene, a picture, drawing or the like. A reference beam and an object or information beam are directed to a holographic recording member, and the information beam is focused through a point near the holographic recording member. A diverger means such as a diffuser, a lens array, a holographic element or the like adapted to form an expanding beam from a point image or spot receives a focused modulated information beam and directs it to the holographic recording member as a divergent beam. The beam may be sent directly to the recording member or it may be optically or otherwise relayed to the member. The point source may be in front of, behind or within the holographic recording member.

Abstract: An electronic noise suppressor has a U-shaped wire or other conductor passing through two stacked ferrite beads. The bead near the legs of the conductor is of high frequency impedance and the bead at the head of the U is of low frequency impedance. The legs of the U-shaped conductor are connected into an electronic circuit in which noise is to be suppressed.

Abstract: A shoe has a device to provide an audible message such as a song or a word message. In one form, a shoe such as a child's shoe of the hook and loop variety has a stored audible message such as a micro circuit mounted on the shoe, or may receive an audible message such as an audible radio message. The audible message is activated in a suitable manner, and in a preferred embodiment the message unit is activated by opening or closing the shoe. In one form a switch is connected to the shoe opening device as, for example an electrically conductive member attached to the shoe closure, and opening and closing the shoe completes or interrupts an electrical circuit. In another form, a magnetic member on the shoe closure moves to make or break the circuit.

Abstract: An air shoe has a sole having a plurality of channels longitudinally and laterally in the upper surface of the sole, forming a multiplicity of sections at least partially surrounded by such channels. This sectionalized structure improves air flow beneath the wearer's foot as he walks, runs, or exercises, increases massagic action, and makes the shoe lighter and more flexible. An air flow slip sole is also placed on the sectioned sole, simultaneously contacting both the channels and the wearer's foot to increase air flow to the foot.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for photocomposing as, for example, phototypesetting utilize photographic film on a moving member such as a rotatable cylinder with an array of multitudinous light emitting diodes movable along the length of the cylinder to project to the film an image of graphic information to be recorded on the film. The array moves to scan the film with overlap between one scan and the next to merge images of one scan into images of the next scan with a minimum of discontinuity. Overlapping exposures from individual LEDs further increase sharpness of image and substantially eliminate variations from non-uniformities of the individual LEDs.

Abstract: A micro graphic representation such as a hologram is formed by directing from a computer to a display surface signals to form a very small portion of the graphic representation of the display surface, focusing a micro image of the display on a recording element, mechanically moving the recording element to a new position, optically measuring the new position and signalling the computer the precise new position and then sending to the display surface next signals to form on the display surface a next very small portion of the graphic representation with the position of the next portion modified to compensate for the difference between the measured position and the required position. The piece-by-piece display is repeated a large number of times to record an entire graphic representation. One embodiment of the invention is a hologram writer.

Abstract: A hologram is written from x, y, z data by presenting an information beam at a holographic medium with x and y coordinates represented by x and y position on the medium and z coordinates represented by distance between the holographic medium and a point position of the beam close to the medium, while simultaneously presenting a reference beam in interference with the information beam and of a size comparable with the size of the information beam at the holographic medium. The area of the information beam and the reference beam at any position on the holographic medium is a small fraction of the total area of the hologram.

Abstract: A capacitatively coupled plasma device has a plasma tube, an electrode positioned near the tube and means to supply a high voltage, high frequency potential such as a radio frequency to the tube to energize a flow of argon or like gas to form a plasma. A sample of material is excited by the plasma energy to emit characteristic radiation for analysis by suitable means such as spectrometric analysis or for other use and application.

Abstract: Coherent light such as a laser beam is spatially modulated by causing it to interact at a photosensitive material such as a crystal with a focussed image of non-coherent light. An electric potential is applied to the crystal either transversely to the direction of the light or in line with the direction of the light according to either the Kerr effect or the Pockels effect. Typical crystals include Bismuth-silicon-oxide and strontium-barium-niobate.

Abstract: A new power system employs aluminum as a primary fuel resulting in a total energy/volume ratio several times more favorable than gasoline. The system includes a fuel store, a reactor which may be the same mechanical element as the store and means to utilize the released energy. Illustratively, aluminum may be reacted with steam to form aluminum oxide with the release of large quantities of usable energy. After the reaction, the aluminum oxide may be reconverted to aluminum.

Abstract: Image enhancement is achieved to increase the ability to distinguish details otherwise difficult to discern in bright and dark areas of a photorecord by reflecting light off surface perturbations on the record and displaying the reflected light by means of schlieren optics.

Abstract: A chalcogenide such as As.sub.2 S.sub.3 is coated on a substrate at a very low rate of deposition in a vacuum evaporator and is coated with a thin silver layer. The silver coated layer is exposed to illumination in a quantity insufficient to form an etchable layer by conventional techniques and the silver is increased by treatment with a silver-containing agent capable of depositing silver on the image, preferably in the presence of radiation. NaAgSO.sub.3 is a presently preferred agent. The resulting image-bearing layer is photo-doped by exposure to band-gap radiation and the member is then etched.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for studying motion of an object or element, to determine not only quantities of motion but also direction of motion. A laser beam or the like is circularly polarized and directed to two or more retroreflectors and then to a detector. Beams of different frequencies are established and determination of relative direction of motion of the retroreflectors is made from the increase or decrease of frequency of beats of one beam against the other. In one embodiment, left and right circularly polarized light is reflected, and one of the beams is frequency-shifted. The light, being circularly polarized, is insensitive to rotational orientation of the test object, while maintaining directional and motion information.

Abstract: An electric heating system employs a control unit including means to connect a resistance heater to a three pole power source and a switch to switch the connections between full voltage and low voltage as temperature is more than or less than several degrees colder than the set temperature. More uniform heating, greater comfort and significant energy savings results.

Abstract: Surface sensitization of a chalcogenide glass is achieved by depositing an extremely thin silver layer, for example, by depositing a silver halide and developing and fixing in the absence of exposure. The sensitized chalcogenide can then be exposed to light to make it etch-resistant. Further exposure reverses the etch resistance, permitting positive or negative images and permitting erasure. Microlithographic resists such as masks can be formed.

Abstract: A solar hot water heating system includes a plurality of pipe assemblies, each having an outer pressure-sustaining tube and an inner perforated spiral tubing positioned at the roof of a building for which hot water is supplied. End seals close off the ends of the assemblies and support the inner tubing within the outer tubing. Water mixing and prevention of hot spots is accomplished passively by passing water through the spiral inner tubing. An economically favorable system is achieved.

Abstract: A rear view vision mirror attached to a pair of spectacles.

Abstract: A solar energy collector includes a housing having a cover transparent to solar energy. A solar energy absorber is enclosed within the housing just beneath the cover. The absorber is formed to define a plurality of narrow fluid channels of triangular cross section which are disposed in close proximity to each other. The triangular cross section fluid channels are defined by a serpentine-shaped metal top sheet which is secured to a flat metallic bottom sheet. The upper ridges of the fluid channels are disposed in proximity to and support the cover. The geometric relation between the fluid channels, the narrow air spaces defined between the fluid channels and the cover is such as to provide a low cost, high efficiency panel.

Abstract: A layer of a chalcogenide glass resist material, on a substrate on which a microlithographic pattern is to be formed, has a deposit of silver halide on its outer surface. By actinic irradiation a latent silver image replicating the desired pattern is formed in the silver halide deposit. This image is developed to a metallic silver, which is used to photodope the resist material for subsequent etching to produce the microlithographic pattern on the substrate. Positive and negative patterns are possible from the same starting laminate. One form of a microlithographic pattern is a mask for producing electronic circuits.

Abstract: Masks used in the production of integrated circuits are analyzed and tested by a scanning spot from a laser beam comparing the position signal of the scan from a mask against a data base representing another mask which may be selected at random. Apparatus includes a laser, means to form and scan a minute spot from said laser, an x-y stage to move a mask under the scan, a detector, and means to compare scan results.