Abstract: A calorimeter box accommodates a person lying on a cot. The system measures metabolic releases.The person's head extends into a transparent box-shaped duct system. Ambient air flows from the room in which the calorimeter is located into the duct system and past the person's head and neck into the calorimeter box. substantially all convection and evaporative heat losses from the person's head are transported into the calorimeter itself by the air flow. If the air flow were to stop, i.e., failed to exist, the person would have no trouble breathing because in essence his head is in the room. This obviates safety and claustrophobia problems; further the subject can talk to attendants in the room.The calorimeter is of heavy aluminum panel construction for structural strength and for purposes of providing a heat sink. Coil of tubing remove heat from the aluminum panels, and water of constant temperature is circulated through such tubing to maintain the aluminum panels at a substantially constant temperature.

Abstract: Ventilator hood systems for metabolic studies involving a study of the gases exhaled by a person uses suction to induce a flow of gases through a special hood construction which is loosely fitted over the head of the person when he is supported on his back and which serves to conduct a mixture of such exhaled gases and induced gases to suitable analyzing equipment without loss or eddying of the exhaled gases.

Abstract: Ice formation on an aircraft surface swept of an air flow is detected by using an electrical heater which produces a small limited amount of heat to, on the one hand a heat flow meter and, on the other hand to a heat sink. When there is no ice on the transducer it produces a large output signal but when ice forms on the transducer the ice, due to its high resistance to heat flow, causes a change in balance between the two heat flows and a change in output of the heat flow measuring transducer.

Abstract: Heat is used to determine liquid level in a storage tank. An elongated heater that produces heat uniformly along its length is mounted vertically on the outside surface of the tank to extend substantially the full height of the tank. An elongated thermopile having a multiplicity of hot and cold junction pairs uniformly spaced along its length covers the heater so that heat from the heater travels in two different opposite directions, namely a first portion of the heat travels from the heater through the tank wall and into the tank; the other portion of the heat travels in the opposite direction from the heater through the thermopile and then into the ambient atmosphere. A meter indicates the amount of heat flow through the thermopile and its indication changes with change in level of the liquid in the tank.

Abstract: Afterheat being released from a radioactive storage system is measured and monitored. Changes in heat release with respect to time is related to expected radioactive decay processes of the confined radioactive materials. Material leakage from storage is detected and defined by deviations from the normal expected heat release-time function being monitored. Such deviations or lack of deviations, as the case may be, provide the desired accountability of the radioactive materials.

Abstract: Two spherical self-aligning bearings are interconnected by a collar or housing for the transmission of push and pull forces for obviating misalignment problems that arise, particularly in aircraft. In a modification the collar or housing itself may be formed so as to be a part, i.e. the outer race member of one or both of such bearings.

Abstract: An X-ray film marking device is quickly attachable to and detachable from an X-ray film cassette using a block of magnet material which is X-ray opaque but if formed with two X-ray transparent cavity portions. One cavity portion is L-shaped to cause a black L recording on a white background. A second cavity portion is R-shaped to cause a black R recording on a white background. A door of X-ray opaque material is adjustably positioned over either cavity portion and has magnetizable material cooperating with the magnet material to safely lock the door in its adjusted positions. The cavity portions are filled with different color X-ray transparent material for contrast. The magnet material includes a third cavity portion which is dish shaped for confining a ball that is free to move to a position therein depending upon the orientation of the X-ray cassette upon which the marker is mounted.

Abstract: In a heat pump system wherein an evaporator is located outdoors with a stream of air being blown through spaced fins of the evaporator and frost is formed on the fins thereby impairing the efficiency of the heat exchanger, heat flow sensing means is positioned on one or more of such fins and in heat conducting relation to such fins for the purpose of controlling defrost means such that when frost is formed the heat flow sensing means causes defrosting.

Abstract: A mixture of two materials flows through a first measuring station which includes a Venturi meter for obtaining and measuring a pressure difference .DELTA.p that is representative of mass flow rate of the mixture and velocity. The mixture then flows through a second measuring station which includes a temperature differential flowmeter in which a predetermined amount of heat is supplied to heat the flowing mixture and raise its temperature to obtain and measure a corresponding change in temperature that is related to the mean density of the mixture and also the square of the mass flow rate. These values .DELTA.p and .DELTA.t are inputs to computer means which functions to solve a third order polynominal or cubic equation and express that solution in terms of the mixture ratio and flow rates of the individual components and the flow rate of the mixture itself.

Abstract: The quality of heat insulation materials is tested and/or compared in a portable structure in which two heat insulation materials are subjected simultaneously to heat flow from a single common metal-clad heating element and the quantity of heat flow through said material is measured and compared. In one case the portable structure has two conveniently accessible cavities within which equal amounts of such insulation, in flat form, may be placed in contact with corresponding opposite sides of a single common metal-clad planar heat source. In a modification of the invention two tubular insulating materials each of the form and type for insulating pipe, is placed around a metal-clad round heating element and the amount of heat flowing from the heating element and through a corresponding one of said materials is measured and compared using individual thermopiles secured to the outer surface of each material.

Abstract: A plastic carrying case is constructed with a special elevated center divider and an inner depressed ledge portion and also with a special lower grooved portion that allows the center divider of a lower case to enter and be guided by the lower grooved portion of an upper case to facilitate movement of an upper case onto the ledge portion of the lower case. There is a special interrelationship between the center divider and the lower grooved portion of an adjacent case that assures rigidity yet facilitates intentional removal. The case walls are of thin construction for economy reinforced, however, by vertical beads through which compressive forces are transmitted.

Abstract: An anodizing system uses both positive and negative current pulses. Such pulses are adjustable to achieve different adjusted values of positive and negative currents. These values are sensed and used to maintain automatically such values. The ratio of negative current to positive current is preferably greater than 3% for the production of relatively thick, dyeable, hard anodized coatings and conventional (normal) anodic coatings of light shades of integral colors using a simple sulfuric acid bath which may be maintained at relatively high temperatures. Current may be applied at nearly full current density initially without burning. In some cases, additional means may be provided to increase the throwing power by eliminating the negative current and using means such as capacitors or inductors to prolong the decay of the positive pulses, preferably such that the then composite positive pulses are maintained above a zero value.

Abstract: A collapsible carton is provided with two bottom closure flaps. A center divider is also provided which has its bottom edge extended along the junction between the two bottom flaps. This center divider and the two bottom flaps have intermeshing apertured projections. Each projection has a cylindrical hole extending therethrough and all said projections are alignable to receive a single securing pin.

Abstract: A water spigot has a quickly attachable and detachable nozzle for sanitary, assembly and constructional purposes. The nozzle besides producing a uniform flow denys access to the valve element and its actuator thereby greatly minimizing possibility of contamination which otherwise exists by persons who are inclined to touch the valve element and/or its actuator in prior art spigots. The nozzle is quickly attachable and detachable for assembly purposes and testing in original manufactive and, if desired, in subsequent repair. The construction is such that the valve actuator, in the form of a wire, is no longer required to be as long as in prior art spigots thereby minimizing mechanical problems and resulting in a more trouble free sanitary spigot.

Abstract: A weighing table is physically connected to the core of a solenoid. The time required for the current flow to build up to a value sufficient to move the core and raise the weight on the table is measured and serves as a measure of such weight. The solenoid is periodically energized through a constant voltage source and correspondingly an associated counter circuit is energized to initiate a time count and when the solenoid is de-energized the counter circuit is reset to zero. The time indicated by the counter circuit is a measure of the weight.