Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a carbon film on a substrate by irradiating a carbon monoxide-containing gas with an emission from a carbon monoxide laser without irradiating the substrate with the laser emission. The carbon film can be diamond, amorphous carbon, or graphite and the carbon film can be C.sup.13 -enriched or pure C.sup.13 by varying the isotope content of the CO gas in the chamber and/or in the laser.

Abstract: In a paperboard food container, especially the clamshell type used in the fast food industry, a releasably interlocking means between the container and a lid. The interlocking means includes a slot formed in the container which not only leaves a continuous, coplanar shoulder around the circumference of the container which allows complete sealing with a lid structure, but additionally provides a tab which extends above the slot, allowing the lid structure to have either a flange extending under the container tab or, in addition to the flange, a tab inserting into the slot.

Abstract: The invention relates to dental filling materials comprising stainless steel filler, a polymeric binder, and glass filler. Tensile strength, compressive strength, dentinal bonding and enamel bonding of the dental filling materials are improved relative to commercial glass ionomer cements without stainless steel.

Abstract: A composition for absorbing electromagnetic radiation, wherein said electromagnetic radiation possesses a wavelength generally in the range of from about 1000 Angstroms to about 50 meters, wherein said composition comprises a polyaniline composition of the formula ##STR1## where y can be equal to or greater than zero, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group containing of H, --OCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.3, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, NR.sup.3 .sub.2, --NHCOR.sup.3, --OH, --O.sup.-, SR.sup.3, --OCOR.sup.3, --NO.sub.2, --COOH, --COOR.sup.3, --COR.sup.3, --CHO, and --CN, where R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group.

Abstract: The approximate elapsed time since the onset of ventricular fibrillation is detected from an analog electrocardiogram signal. The signal is digitized for a time interval of four seconds to obtain a data set of time domain samples. These time domain samples are Fourier transformed to a frequency domain spectrum and the median frequency which bisects the energy of the power spectrum is detected. That median frequency is then compared to a pattern of experimentally obtained median frequency data as represented by a mathematical algorithm to calculate the estimated time from the onset of ventricular fibrillation. This frequency parameter can also be used to evaluate the response to therapy during ventricular fibrillation and CPR, as well as estimate the most appropriate time to defibrillate a subject following various pharmacologic and mechanical intervention.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for abrading contaminants from the surface of a workpiece using plasma glow discharge. The workpieces are positioned in a low pressure chamber with an ionizable gas. A pair of spaced, conductive, interfacing panels form electrodes mounted within the chamber and defining a three-dimensional cleaning space between the electrodes. The electrodes are energized by a power supply, providing an alternative voltage at an ultrasonic frequency and the pressure is maintained to allow only abnormal glow discharge. After initiation of the abnormal glow discharge the electrode current is sensed to detect when to inject additional ionizable gas into the low pressure chamber.

Abstract: The invention is a method for generating an image of a parametric surface, such as the compass direction toward which each surface element of terrain faces, commonly called the slope-aspect azimuth of the surface element. The method maximizes color contrast to permit easy discrimination of the magnitude, ranges, intervals or classes of a surface parameter while making it easy for the user to visualize the form of the surface, such as a landscape. The four pole colors of the opponent process color theory are utilized to represent intervals or classes at 90 degree angles. The color perceived as having maximum measured luminance is selected to portray the color having an azimuth of an assumed light source and the color showing minimum measured luminance portrays the diametrically opposite azimuth. The 90 degree intermediate azimuths are portrayed by unique colors of intermediate measured luminance, such as red and green.

Abstract: A four quadrant, analog multiplier circuit useful for MOS implementation of feedback/feedforward neural networks. The multiplier circuit uses only one op-amp and one pair of input MOS FETs. It becomes a multiplier/summer by the addition of only one additional pair of input FETs for each additional product to be summed and achieves the vector scalar product of 2 n-tuple vector inputs using only 2(n+1) MOS transistors.

Abstract: A method of controlling an arc welding process includes establishing an arc between a welding electrode and weld joint wherein light generated by the arc is reflected by the weld pool and by the metal surrounding the weld pool. The rays of reflected light travelling substantially parallel to the axis of the electrode are collected in a video camera. The output of the video camera is fed to a monitor where an image of the weld pool is displayed in which the arc is obscured by the electrode and the arc process can be manually controlled on the basis of the image. In another method, the width of a weld pool is determined by analyzing a video image of the weld pool area.

Abstract: The invention is a cleaning means used to clean a slice in a paper manufacturing machine. The slice cleaning means is made up of a scraping body, a bias means which is attached at one end to the scraping body, and a foot which is attached to the opposite end of the bias means. The scraping body matingly conforms to the outer surface of the upper plate of the slice, and the foot rests on the lower plate of the slice. The slice cleaning means is driven laterally along the slice to remove foreign particles.

Abstract: The flow control of molten material in a tundish is improved by the design of a perpendicular turn in the path of flow of the molten material as the flow leaves an intermediate section of the tundish or casting receptacle and overflows transversely an exit lip to thereby contact a heat-extracting substrate. The perpendicular turn in the flow achieves improved control of the molten material's velocity profile, cooling rate, and depth and flow uniformity of the molten material in the casting receptacle. The essentially perpendicular turn in the path of the molten material from the intermediate section causes the molten material to approach the exit lip in a transverse direction unlike conventional laminar or direct delivery molten flow. The transverse flow relative to the direction of the exit overflow toward the casting or cooling surface facilitates improved mixing of the molten material, improved control of the depth gradient, and improved control of the velocity into the exit lip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the temperatures of a plurality of zones of a casting hearth or vessel. The invention also relates to a method for controlling the thickness of the solidified skull of castable material in the casting hearth or vessel. By the present invention, the efficiency of the skull casting process can be significantly improved by reducing the thickness of the skull and thereby increasing the amount of castable material which can remain molten and pourable.

Abstract: A paper tray forming machine with an improved blank centering device which consists of at least one finger which is moved upward and toward two passive stops. The finger may be shaped similarly to the blank's edge so that precise positioning occurs during the motion of the fingers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for switching an electrical load, such as an incandescent lamp, with a FET and providing protection for the FET. An exponential reference signal is generated which is a function of drain to source voltage and represents the integral of instantaneous power dissipated in the FET. Simultaneously, an exponential FET gate signal is initiated for turning on the lamp or other load at a rate which would maximize the power dissipation in the FET under worst case short circuit conditions. The integrated power signal is compared to a critical threshold level which represents the maximum power dissipation rating of the FET. In the event the integrated instantaneous power signal rises above the critical threshold level, which would occur because of an overload, the FET is turned off to protect it and the load from the overload condition.

Abstract: The flow control of molten alloy material in a tundish is improved by the design of a perpendicular turn in the path of flow of the molten alloy material as the flow leaves an intermediate section of the tundish or casting receptacle and overflows transversely an exit lip to thereby contact a heat-extracting substrate. The perpendicular turn in the flow achieves improved control of the molten alloy material's velocity profile, cooling rate, and depth and flow uniformity of the molten alloy material in the casting receptacle. The essentially perpendicular turn in the path of the molten alloy material from the intermediate section causes the molten alloy material to approach the exit lip in a transverse direction unlike conventional laminar or direct delivery molten flow.

Abstract: A container made up of a smooth, seamless, synthetic resin cylinder with air permeable end caps which screw on at each end used for transporting animals. A holder made of corrugated paper with aligned holes on opposite panels through which the containers are inserted and held.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption cycle comprised of blowdown, purge, pressurization, feed, pressure equalization and rinse steps provided recovery from an atmospheric air feed, essentially dry and free of carbon dioxide, of a high yield of high purity nitrogen gas and a high yield of a product gas rich in oxygen as well as recovery of a residual feed byproduct gas for recycle with the air feed.

Abstract: An authentication system for electronic information networks having small hand-held portable authenticating devices which are remotely initialized and can use 4 bit microprocessors in a challenge-response security system and yet permit practical communication of the large numbers which are necessary for sufficient security.