Abstract: An improved process for producing silyl phosphates in the reaction of phosphoric acid with the linear low molecular weight polysiloxane alone or in combination with cyclicpolysiloxanes where there is present in the composition as a catalyst from 1.2 to 180% by weight of the total composition of a silylphosphate in which the phosphoric acid equivalency in the reaction mixture is from 0.36 to 1.80%.

Abstract: Diorganopolysiloxane homo- and copolymers having a viscosity from 50 to 200,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C, are produced by (a) reacting a composition of (i) a first cyclic siloxane having 3 to 6 units alone or admixed with (ii) a second cyclic siloxane having 3 to 6 units, (i) being present in an amount of 30 to 100 mol % of the composition, at a temperature in the range of 90.degree. to 150.degree. C and in the presence of 5 to 500 parts per million, as alkali metal hydroxide of a catalyst comprising alkali metal hydroxide or a silanolate of an alkali metal hydroxide complexed with a low molecular weight polymer of ethylene oxide (polyethylene glycol) soluble in the cyclic siloxanes. Especially useful products of the process are homopolymers and copolymers including siloxane chain units of the formula R R.sup.1 SiO wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl, halogenated alkyl or cycloalkyl, and preferably, perfluoroalkyl, and R is the same as R.sup.1 and, in addition, vinyl or phenyl.

Abstract: Separate current transformers sense the individual currents flowing in each conductor of a distribution circuit. A full wave rectifying network includes a plurality of parallel pairs of like poled, series diodes connected between a pair of buses. One corresponding side of each transformer secondary is connected to the junction between a different diode pair. A series circuit consisting of an additional pair of like poled diodes and a burden resistor is also connected between the buses. The corresponding other sides of the transformer secondaries are connected in common to the junction between the additional diode pair. A voltage is developed across the burden resistor only upon the existence of an imbalance in the currents flowing in the distribution circuit.

Abstract: A smoke detector comprising a smoke detection cell of the ionization type and an electrical network which provides for ac operation of the detection cell. The impedance of the smoke detection cell is very high (40,000 megohms) and changes in the presence of airborne combustion products. The network senses the impedance change by a measurement of the current through the chamber assuming an ac source under a short circuit load condition, a technique facilitating the use of bipolar transistors.

Abstract: Radiation sensitive switches which undergo thermal decomposition to physically interrupt the circuit path when activated are operatively associated with a plurality of high voltage flash lamps utilizing a shorting primer material to provide an electrical path across said lamps after flashing as the means of enabling the flash lamps to be sequentially flashed in a high-voltage activated multiple flash lamp array. The thermal decomposition of the radiation sensitive switching elements produces self-destruction of the switch elements per se and which can be accompanied by further destruction of the underlying substrate on which the switch elements have been deposited. The switching elements are deposited on a circuit board member and electrically connected in the sequential lamp firing circuitry at circuit board locations adjacent to the associated flash lamps.

Abstract: An improved process for producing an aromatic containing silicon compound comprising reacting an aromatic organic compound of the formula RX.sub.a with a silicon compound of the formula R.sub.b ' Si Z.sub.4-b in the presence of molar quantities of Mg and from 0.5 to up to 1 mole of a promoter which is preferably tetrahydrofuran per mole of the aromatic compound where R is preferably phenylene, X is chloro, a is 2, R' is preferably methyl, Z is alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and b is equal to 2.

Abstract: Thermoluminescent materials have been found suitable for measuring long term exposures to low level ionizing radiation. Oxyhalides of lanthanum, gadolinium and yttrium, including the oxychlorides and oxybromides are activated with terbium and have been found to be most efficient oxygen dominated phosphors having thermoradiant efficiencies with excitation by low level ionizing radiation. Thermoluminescence response increases when the previous materials have elemental hafnium and zirconium additives. The thermoluminescent oxyhalide of the invention is prepared by forming mixed oxalates of the metal constituents, firing the mixed oxalates in air to form an oxide mixture, blending the oxide mixture with an ammonium halide and firing the resultant mixture to form the oxyhalide.

Abstract: A circuit breaker electronic trip unit is equipped with a plurality of current transformers for sensing overcurrent and ground fault conditions in a distribution circuit. A ground fault signal voltage is applied to a differential amplifier together with an adjusted voltage establishing a desired ground fault signal pick-up level. The differential amplifier controls a variable duty cycle switch to establish charging versus discharging rates for a timing capacitor in accordance with the ground fault signal amplitude. When the voltage across the capacitor exceeds a predetermined threshold, a thyristor is triggered to draw a safe level of energizing current through a trip coil. Secondary open circuited protection is provided for any of the current transformers disposed externally of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: An improved process for increasing the yield and purity of fluoroalkyl cyclotrisiloxanes in a cracking reaction of diorganopolysiloxanes by using, in addition to the cracking catalyst, an effective amount of a higher aliphatic alcohol having from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. By the use of such a higher aliphatic alcohol, there is consistently obtained yields of high purity fluoroalkyl cyclotrisiloxanes from cracking reactions of silicone hydrolyzates in excess of 80% by weight.

Abstract: A gimbal system is disclosed in which low static friction hydraulic motors drive two concentric movable rings in orthogonal planes. For each ring, the drive shaft of the motor is part of one supporting axle. The other supporting axle is coupled to a shaft position encoder. The motor is mounted so that only rotational motion is imparted to the ring, and the encoder is mounted so that only rotational motion is read out.

Abstract: An improved gas mixer is described in which combustible or explosive mixtures of gases are formed in a confined area on the outside surface of the mixer.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a ground fault protection system are disclosed for protecting a multiple source distribution network consisting of at least two sources having their neutral points interconnected by main neutral and tie neutral bus and also typically by separate ground connections. The system operates to selectively trip a ground fault circuit interrupter by distinguishing between normal neutral loading regardless of the routes taken by neutral currents in returning to the sources and a ground fault regardless of the routes taken by ground fault currents in returning to the source feeding the fault.

Abstract: A lead-in seal of the type having a metal foil seal member sealed into an envelope, comprising a relatively narrow intermediate foil tab member connected between the foil seal member and a conductor. The result is reduced stress in the seal and less likelihood of cracking.

Abstract: A fuse holder assembly includes a fuse clip having clamping arms which define a pocket for receiving a fuse terminal ferrule. A rejection member equipped with an interference element is slideably mounted for movement between a non-rejecting position and a rejecting position with the interference element disposed within the clip pocket to obstruct the insertion of a fuse terminal ferrule which is not specially keyed with an annular groove. The rejection member further includes resilient tabs or barbs which are activated upon movement of the rejection member to its rejecting position to lock the rejection member thereat.

Abstract: An arc chute for circuit interrupting devices comprises a series of identical arc plates, each having a pair of opposed, laterally extending tangs which fit through slots in insulative sideplates. The tangs are undercut to provide notches in which the sideplates are engaged when the arc plates are bodily shifted to locked positions with the tangs latched in the sideplate slots. An insulative backplate captured in slides in the sideplates engages the arc plates to sustain their locked positions.

Abstract: The invention discloses an ignition system control circuit which may be mounted within a distributor housing such as is used with internal combustion engines. The ignition system control circuit is coupled to a direct current source and appropriately connected to the primary winding of the high voltage generating coil of the ignition system. Current through the primary of the high voltage generating coil is controlled by a Darlington power amplifier, the conduction and non-conduction of which is appropriately synchronized to the engine. The control circuit includes a constant current source connected to a biasing resistor network of the Darlington power amplifier, and the constant current source supplies the Darlington power amplifier with a value of current to assure saturation of the Darlington power amplifier to allow maximum current to flow through the primary winding of the ignition coil notwithstanding substantial variations in voltage of the direct current source.

Abstract: A multiple photoflash system is provided which employs a high voltage type flashlamp construction, including a shorting primer material. Said primer material is converted to a conductive residue upon ignition of flashlamp to provide a short circuit path between spaced apart inleads of the lamp. Further series connection of the individual lamps in the flashlamp system which are operatively associated with switching devices to provide an open circuit condition upon flashing of the associated lamps permits sequential flashing. The particular primer material which enables the flashlamp system to be operated in this manner comprises a solid mixture of a combustible metal fuel and an oxidizer for the fuel such as alkaline metal chlorates and perchlorates, and which further contains particular proportions of various combustion supporting oxides.

Abstract: Aluminosilicate glasses containing BaO and CaO are provided having combined high softening points along with exceptionally low liquidus temperatures. These glasses are within the following compositional limits in percent by weight:______________________________________ Percentage Oxides Range ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 55-68 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 15-18 CaO 7-13 BaO 6-16 ______________________________________except for incidental impurities, residual fluxes and refining agents. The weight ratio of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to combined weight ratio of CaO and BaO in the present glass composition is maintained in the range 0.6:1 to 1:1. Such glasses provide an improved hermetic seal for high temperature lamp envelopes.

Abstract: A field test set for static trip circuit breakers is electrically connected to the static trip unit and to the circuit breaker trip coil and phase current sensor transformers. The test set, powered from a low voltage source, is equipped to shunt feed the trip unit power supply, bringing the trip unit up to power preparatory to the injection of selected levels of overcurrent and ground fault simulating test signal current for verifying the time-current characteristics and current pickup calibrations of the various trip functions of the trip unit. A lockout circuit automatically terminates a test signal current whose magnitude and duration represents potential harm to the trip unit. The test set is also equipped to test the trip coil energization level developed by the trip unit and also the continuity of the breaker current transformers.

Abstract: In a metal halide lamp of the sodium-scandium-thorium iodide type utilizing tungsten electrodes without emission mix, lumen depreciation during life results primarily from blackening of the arc tube wall by electrode sputtering during the glow-to-arc transition phase of lamp start-up. The glow-to-arc transition is speeded up by a lower glow-to-arc transition voltage which is achieved by using electrodes comprising an open tungsten wire coil on a tungsten shank, the coil comprising two layers of a composite wire made by open-winding a 2 mil overwind on a 4 mil core and then close-winding two layers of the composite wire on the shank. This decreases sputtering at starting and improves lamp maintenance.