Abstract: A sulfate-free clear green solution of chromium(III) propionate is prepared by mixing aqueous propionic acid containing up to 55 weight percent propionic acid with a chromium(VI) oxidant, such as a dichromate or chromate, and a sulfur-containing reductant, such as a bisulfite, which on reacting yields two phases: a lower sulfate-containing phase for discard or recycle and an upper phase solution of sulfate-free clear green propionate-sequestered chromium(III), the latter phase being stabilized with additional acid. The upper phase solution is useful for crosslinking polymeric viscosifiers such as partially hydrolyzed acrylamide-based polymers and the like in permeability contrast corrections in enhanced oil recovery operations.

Abstract: A multi-source feedstock distribution system is controlled by an optimization so as to substantially minimize the total cost of the feed while also meeting set points for flow rate and composition to feedstock users supplied by the multi-source feedstock distribution system.

Abstract: Ammonium dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, alkali metal dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, their use as flotation agents, and a process for the production of these novel compositions are disclosed. N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl mercaptoalkanoate, its use as an intermediate in the production of the novel ammonium dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates and alkali metal dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, and a process for the production of this novel composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A filament jet entangler comprising a supporting bracket and a jet insert mounted thereon, the jet insert including a cylindrical yarn confining passage extending therethrough and intersected by a pair of coplanar fluid jet ports whose axes intersect at the cylindrical wall defining the yarn confining passage and define an included angle of about 48.degree..

Abstract: An improved universal expansion joint having counterthrust means for controlling pressure-induced expansion. Movable bellows means in the form of one or more expansible bellows or one or more contractile fluid power cylinders are disclosed for applying counterthrust force to the expansion joint. Means responsive to the pressure within the expansion joint or the temperature of or the strain on the conduit connected to the expansion joint are disclosed for applying the desired fluid pressure to the bellows means to achieve the proper counterthrust force. Also disclosed are a method of employing the improved expansion joint and a system in which the improved expansion joint is advantageously utilized.

Abstract: In a conventional shell-tube heat exchanger with at least one annular distributor, apparatus and method are provided for minimizing pressure drop in the fluid passing through the shell side, by adjusting rotationally and longitudinally the position of at least one shell-side insert.

Abstract: A process for preparing clear green chromium(III) propionate solutions which comprises admixing such as propionic acid with water, a chromium(VI) source such as dichromate, adding thereto a nitrite, such as sodium nitrite, to reduce the chromium(VI) to chromium(III), in the presence of excess acid, preferably propionic acid, optionally combined with additional acid such as muriatic acid, to produce a stable solution useful with polymers, such as partially hydrolyzed acrylamide-based polymers, in permeability contrast correction procedures for high permeability streaks in oil field treatments.

Abstract: The removal of sulfur oxide (particularly sulfur dioxide) from a fluid stream, such as the tail gas from a sulfur process, is accomplished by contacting such fluid stream with a catalyst composition comprising zinc titanate and a promoter in the presence of a hydrogen donor.

Abstract: Data points for a sinusoidal waveform are assigned 2 bit values which indicate the state of the amplitude (positive or negative) and the slope of the sinusoidal signal at the particular data point (positive or negative). The 2 bit values for a plurality of sinusoidal waveforms are compared to determine the phase misalignment between the plurality of sinusoidal waveforms.

Abstract: The tubes in a U-tube bundle are supported by rod baffles characterized by inner and outer arcuate rod support members. Methods and apparatus for assemblint the components of the heat exchanger are also provided.

Abstract: A photoelectrochemical cell is provided having an amorphous silicon electrode. A system employing a V.sup.+3 /V.sup.+2 redox system is described which enables the amorphous silicon electrode to function as the cathode, reducing the rate of photo-oxidation during the operation of the photoelectrochemical cell to convert solar energy to electricity.

Abstract: A desired unreacted monomer concentration is maintained in the reaction effluent removed from a polymerization reactor by manipulating the catalyst feed rate to the polymerization reactor.

Abstract: In vertical seismic profiling (VSP), VSP seismic data is transformed into surface seismic data by mapping segments of the VSP seismic data into surface seismic data time. The transformation results in data which is more easily interpreted with respect to determining subsurface structure because the data is stacked and because the data is in a more conventional form.

Abstract: A highly active catalyst suitable for the polymerization of olefins and its use are disclosed, said catalyst being prepared by(1) co-comminuting an aluminum halide; at least one electron donor; a Group IVB-VIB transition metal compound; and a support base selected from the group consisting of the Group IIA and IIIA salts and the salts of the multivalent metals of the first transition series with the exception of copper to produce a coground solid;(2) extracting said coground solid with an organic liquid; and(3) separating the solid from the liquid under such conditions that at least 5 weight percent of the aluminum in the coground solid is removed.

Abstract: A cryogenic hydrogen purification system is disclosed which produces low and high BTU substitute natural gas byproduct from a feed stream containing substantial carbon monoxide concentration. The required process cooling is provided by a pair of gas expanders. The purified hydrogen stream can be recycled to a hydroretort. The low BTU substitute natural gas stream contains most of the carbon monoxide. The high BTU natural gas stream forms suitable feed for a hydrogen plant.

Abstract: A desired unreacted monomer concentration is maintained in the reaction effluent removed from a polymerization reactor by manipulating the catalyst feed rate to the polymerization reactor based on a non-linear control signal derived from a comparison of actual and desired unreacted monomer concentration.

Abstract: In a two-stage hydrofining process, hydrogen is utilized as a quench fluid to reduce the temperature of the effluent withdrawn from the hydrodemetallization stage prior to providing such effluent to the hydrodesulfurization stage and the flow of such hydrogen is controlled so as to maintain a desired temperature for the feed to the hydrodesulfurization stage. Also, the flow of fuel to a furnace is controlled so as to maintain a desired temperature for the feed to the hydrodemetallization stage and hydrogen flow rates are manipulated throughout the process so as to maintain desired hydrogen concentrations throughout the hydrofining process.

Abstract: Novel yeasts are disclosed including Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, yeasts having the characteristics of Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, mutants of Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, and strains derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of culturing the strains, and biochemical conversions employing the strains.

Abstract: The formation of carbon on metals exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by contacting such metals with an antifoulant selected from the group consisting of a combination of tin and copper, a combination of antimony and copper and a combination of tin, antimony and copper.

Abstract: Cyanohydrocarbylated alkoxylates and cyanohydrocarbylated glycerides, their preparation and their use in post primary oil recovery as cosurfactants is described.