Abstract: An improved process for removing metals from heavy oils and other hydrocarbon feed streams is disclosed. The process includes adding phosphorous acid to the hydrocarbon feed stream under suitable demetallizing conditions. It is believed that phosphorous acid reacts with the metals contained in the hydrocarbon containing feed stream to form oil-insoluble compounds that can be removed from the hydrocarbon containing feed stream by any conventional method, such as filtration, centrifugation, or settling/decantation.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenation of an organic sulfur compound and/or an organic nitrogen compound is carried out in the presence of a hydrogel derived catalyst comprising zinc titanate and alumina promoted with cobalt and molybdenum.

Abstract: Particulate materials are blended in a vessel provided with a plurality of vertically extending conduits therein. The vessel comprises a downwardly converging frustoconically shaped bottom wall which defines the lower region of the vessel. The conduits are provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending compartments having openings within the upper region of the vessel. The lower ends of the conduits and the compartments therein extend through the bottom wall, each communicating via a corresponding connecting conduit with a solids outlet at the open bottom of the bottom wall. At least one drain conduit communicates between a corresponding opening in the bottom wall and a corresponding compartment at a location below the bottom wall. A baffle is disposed within the vessel separating the upper and lower regions and comprises a downwardly converging inverted generally conical portion spaced above the bottom wall and defining therebetween a downwardly converging annular passage.

Abstract: S-carbalkoxy-S'-alkyl trithiocarbonate and n-dodecyl mercaptan are used for flotation of copper, nickel and iron-containing ores. S-carbalkoxy-S'-alkyl trithiocarbonate, n-dodecyl mercaptan and poly(propylene glycol) are used for the flotation of copper, nickel and iron-containing ores. Other ores are disclosed as being suitable for the flotation thereof with these novel compositions.

Abstract: Carbon black which has been treated with organic peroxides imparts high scorch resistance to rubber into which it has been compounded.

Abstract: Engine deposits are controlled by dispensing an additive to fuel. In one aspect, the additive comprises paraffins. In another aspect, a solid form additive for dispensing fuel additive to fuel in solid form is provided by employing a structural agent which is soluble and dispersible in fuel to contain and provide dimensional stability to the additive.

Abstract: A temporary guide base for use in drilling underwater wells in areas where the bottom conditions are unstable comprises a plurality of boxes opened at the bottom having a centrally disposed hole for casing, and vent means to allow retrieval of the guide bases without causing a suction effect, the guide bases being open to the sea on the bottom to fill the sea water but float in the mud on the bottom.

Abstract: A shell unit, for use in a shell and tube heat exchanger, includes a shell having shell ports whose flow areas are adjustable. The unit comprises an annular distributor having an annulus which surrounds the shell such that fluid may flow from the annulus into the shell ports, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the annulus for feeding shell fluid into the annulus. A means is provided in the shell unit for adjusting the fluid flow area of the ports. In one embodiment, the means for adjusting the flow area is an insert rotatably mounted within the shell which may be rotated to at least partially cover the ports a selected amount.

Abstract: A method of joining a first pipe having an outer surface and an annular end face and a fitting having an end face surrounding a shoulder recessed therein which includes inserting a spacer having a predetermined thickness and formed of a synthetic resin into the recess in abutment with the annular shoulder followed by inserting the annular end face of the pipe into the recess until the annular end face, the spacer and the annular shoulder are in mutual contact, temporarily tack welding the pipe to the fitting to establish spacing between the annular end face of the pipe and the annular shoulder of the fitting, and permanently welding the pipe to the fitting. In one embodiment, the heat from the permanent welding step vaporizes the spacer leaving a gap of predetermined size between the confronting annular end face of the pipe and the annular shoulder of the fitting.

Abstract: A measurement of the amount of infrared radiation coming from the flame associated with a flare stack is utilized to manipulate the flow of steam to the flare stack so as to reduce the emission of smoke from the flare stack when a combustible waste gas containing hydrocarbons is being burned in the flare stack.

Abstract: Sedimentary constituents are removed from a liquid by first allowing the liquid to set for a period of time suitable for allowing a substantial proportion of the sedimentary constituents to settle out of the liquid and then pumping the liquid through a filter. After the liquid passes through the filter, the liquid is substantially free of sediment.

Abstract: S-Allyl-S'-n-butyl-trithiocarbonate and S-benzyl-S'-n-butyltrithiocarbonate, their use and flotation agents and a process to make these novel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of this invention, a chromium catalyst supported on an aluminum phosphate-containing base is used in conjunction with a boron component either as a part of the base or as a cocatalyst. The resulting catalyst is unique both in its favorable sensitivity to molecular weight control agents such as hydrogen and in its ability to produce a fundamentally different olefin polymer. In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, the chromium is supported on a phosphate base produced using a melt of the aluminum salt.

Abstract: A silica composition is calcined at a temperature high enough to remove some but not all of the hydroxyl content. Generally temperatures of at least 400.degree. C. are required and temperatures above 1000.degree. C. are undesirable, the most preferred temperature being about 600.degree.-800.degree. C. The thus calcined silica is then treated with chromyl chloride at an elevated temperature and finally given a treatment in a carbon monoxide ambient. While the final composition contains chlorine which is normally considered a catalyst poison, the material is surprisingly active as an olefin polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: An improved nonwoven polypropylene fabric, having the fibers on one side fused and the fibers on the opposite side unfused, which fabric when wetted exhibits a wet feeling on the fused side and a substantially dry feeling on the unfused side. Also disclosed are bandage, diaper, hat sweatband and headband or wristband structures employing the fabric as well as a method of transferring moisture from a moisture-bearing surface utilizing the fabric.

Abstract: A valve structure including a valve body defining a valve chamber with a tapered bearing surface and a tapered valve member journaled in the tapered bearing surface. A spring-biased plunger mechanism constantly urges the valve member into slidable sealing engagement with the tapered bearing surface. A passage communicates between the valve chamber and the exterior of the valve body via the spring-biased plunger mechanism and is connected in fluid flow communication with a source of suitable fluid, whereby such fluid passes from the source into the valve chamber via the spring-biased plunger mechanism.

Abstract: In a seismic exploration system, the waveforms provided from a plurality of seismic sources are phase shifted so as to maximize the strength of signals received by a plurality of seismic receivers and the signals output from the plurality of seismic receivers are phase shifted so as to substantially maximize the strength of the composite signal which results from the summation of the output from the plurality of seismic receivers.

Abstract: An improved titanium catalyst is produced by contacting a titanium tetrahalide such as TiCl.sub.4 with a catalyst precursor prepared by reacting a treating compound selected from mercaptans and tin hydroxides with an organometal such as a dialkyl magnesium compound. The resulting catalyst can either be supported or unsupported and it has been found to give high productivity and good particle size control in the production of olefin polymer such as polyethylene and also found to give a broad spectrum of molecular weight polymers including polymers having ultra high molecular weight and also narrow distribution polymers particularly suited for injection molding.

Abstract: In a fractional distillation process in which both a heating fluid and a waste heat stream are utilized to supply heat to the fractional distillation process, the heat input to the fractional distillation process is controlled by scaling the output of the heat controller so that such output is representative of the percentage of the total heat available which should be supplied to the fractional distillation column to maintain a desired heat input to the fractional distillation column. The set point for the flow of both the heating fluid and the waste heat stream are then derived based on the output of the heat controller which allows control of heat input to the fractional distillation process and also provides a situation where the heat controller output may be linear which makes tuning the heat controller easier and improves stability of the heat controller.

Abstract: A desired ratio of offgas to fuel gas is maintained for a fuel mixture supplied to the burners associated with a boiler by venting steam as required to insure than all offgas may be combusted while maintained the desired offgas to fuel gas ratio. The venting of steam causes the fuel gas control, which is based on steam pressure, to vary the flow rate of the fuel gas so as to maintain the desired offgas-fuel gas ratio. Control of the combustion process for the boiler in this manner results in total combustion of the offgas without violating process constraints.