Abstract: A robot having a joint mechanism including a first arm member; a second arm member supported to the first arm member so as to be rotatable about a first axis; a swinging member supported to the second arm member so as to be rotatable about a second axis intersecting the first axis at a bending point, the swinging member having a first connecting portion at a position spaced from the second axis; a power transmitting member supported to the first arm member so as to be rotatable about a third axis orthogonally intersecting the first axis at the bending point, the power transmitting member having a second connecting portion at a position spaced from the third axis, the power transmitting member being connected at the second connecting portion to the first connecting portion of the swinging member so as to be rotatable about a fourth axis intersecting the second axis at the bending point and obliquely intersecting the third axis at the bending point; and a driving motor mounted on the first arm member, for rotat

Abstract: A beam splitter formed by laminating a plurality of optical films on a glass substrate having a refractive index of 1.51.+-.0.10. The optical films are first, second, third, fourth, and fifth layers laminated in this order from the glass substrate. The first layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.05-0.15; the second layer has a refractive index of 1.68.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.01-0.10; the third layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.50-0.60; the fourth layer has a refractive index of 2.23.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.25-0.35; and the fifth layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.25-0.35. The optical film thickness means a relative value represented by n.times.d/.lambda. where n denotes a refractive index; d denotes an actual film thickness, and .lambda. denotes a wavelength deciding the center of a wavelength band.

Abstract: A method and a device for invalidating data stored in a buffer memory of a system equipped with a high-speed buffer memory which stores a copy of data stored in a main memory. The invalidation of the data stored in the buffer memory for commands can be tested even where there exists a buffer memory for commands and a buffer memory for operands independent of each other. A testing unit stores a sequence of recurring commands in a storage region of the main memory, holds a copy of the sequence of recurring commands in a storage region of the buffer memory, and takes out a sequence of successive processing commands from a processing unit to substitute it for the sequence of recurring commands in the storage region of the main memory. The storage region of the buffer memory is invalidated by an invalidation unit, the processing unit 1 executes the processing directed to the storage region, and whether the invalidation is correctly effected or not is judged based upon the content of execution.