Abstract: Organic disulfonic acids are produced by heating a sulfonate monomer at a temperature above 110.degree.C. in the substantial absence of water. Olefin sulfonation product mixtures, hydroxyalkane sulfonic acids, alkane sultones, alkene sulfonic acids and mixtures thereof are oligomerized under these conditions.

Abstract: The reaction products of hydrocarbyl-substituted amines with certain polyfunctional coupling agents, find use as detergents in distillate fuel compositions. The hydrocarbyl group is normally derived from natural sources or polyolefins of from about 420 to 10,000 average molecular weight. The polyfunctional coupling agents are certain polyhalides, polycarboxylic acids, and organic polyisocyanates.

Abstract: In a staged calcination process a sulfur-containing green coke is converted to a low-sulfur-content coke and two off-gas streams, one which contains sulfur dioxide and another which contains hydrogen sulfide. In one stage the green coke is calcined and partially desulfurized under oxidative conditions at a temperature in the range 1000.degree. to 3000.degree.F. In a second stage, the calcination and desulfurization is continued by heating the coke from 2000.degree. to 4000.degree.F under substantially reducing conditions. Preferably the reaction times and conditions in the stages are adjusted to result in the production of two mols of hydrogen sulfide per mol of sulfur dioxide. Portions of the two off-gas streams are mixed and reacted to form elemental sulfur.

Abstract: Novel 3,5-dimethyl-2-thienylcarboxanilides and 3,5-dimethyl-2-thienyl-(N-haloalkylthiocarboxanilides) are active pre- and post-emergent herbicides.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkoxyacetic acid which comprises contacting carbon monoxide with formaldehyde, an alcohol, water, and a catalyst comprising hydrogen fluoride in a reaction zone and under reaction conditions effective to form an alkoxyacetic acid including a temperature between 0.degree.C and 100.degree.C and a carbon monoxide partial pressure between 10 and 4000 psig. By using an excess of alcohol or omitting water, alkyl alkoxy ester, i.e., alkyl alkoxyacetate, can be produced.Also, alkyl alkoxyacetate can be produced from dialkoxymethane by reaction of dialkoxymethane with carbon monoxide using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for separating maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride from a gaseous mixture by absorption into an organic absorbent flowing downwardly and countercurrently to the gaseous mixture in an absorption column having at least 4 stages, the improvement is made which comprises removing heat from a zone of the absorption column above the gaseous mixture feed point and below the top 2 stages of the column in a sufficient amount so that more than half of the temperature gradient for the absorbent liquid in the column is across at least 2 stages above the gaseous mixture feed point and below the top 2 stages of the column. Preferably said heat is removed from the absorber column by withdrawing a stream of absorbent from the lower part of the column, cooling the stream and then recycling the resulting cooled absorbent to the column.

Abstract: Diesters of orthophthalic acid are obtained by reacting an olefin of at least six carbon atoms with orthophthalic acid in the presence of a boron trifluoride catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing an alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid which comprises contacting carbon monoxide with a saturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.16 aldehyde, water, and a catalyst comprising hydrogen fluoride in a reaction zone and under conditions effective to form an alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid, including a temperature between 0.degree.C and 100.degree.C and a carbon monoxide partial pressure between 10 and 4000 psig.An alpha-alkoxy acid can be produced in the above reaction by using an alcohol instead of water.

Abstract: Extra-wide, heat-sealed nonwoven sheets of thermoplastic synthetic polymer monofilaments are prepared by folding said sheets in layers with heat-insulating fabric between said layers before contact with heating and pressing means to effect heat sealing, followed by removal of the insulating fabric and heat sealing of the fold areas.

Abstract: A process for removing metalliferous contaminants from a hydrocarbon feedstock is disclosed, comprising contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a solid, said solid consisting essentially of an inert particulate solid having an average pore size in the range of from 1,000 to 10,000 A, preferably 5,000 to 7,000, and a surface area in the range of from 1 to 20 m.sup.2 /gram, preferably 2 to 10 m.sup.2 /gram.

Abstract: Vinylpyridine is polymerized in aqueous suspension in the presence of small solid particles of polyolefin.

Abstract: Herbicidal 2-chlorocycloalkylthio urea compounds are produced by the 1,2-addition of an N-chlorothio urea to cycloalkenes. The N-chlorothio urea reactant is produced by the reaction of a urea and sulfur dichloride.

Abstract: A process for field preparation of a fibrous turf on a surface by steps including: (a) inserting fibers into a backing to obtain a backing with inserted fibers; (b) laying a receiving matrix on the surface; (c) bringing a portion of the backing with inserted fibers into connection with the receiving matrix so as to immerse the inserted fibers in the matrix; and (d) maintaining said portion of the backing stationary for a sufficient period of time so that the fibers will stay in the matrix upon removing the backing from the fibers.Preferably the receiving matrix is a thermoplastic substance comprising sulfur, especially plasticized sulfur.

Abstract: N-(N'alkynylcarbamylmethyl)-2,6-dialkyl-.alpha.-haloacetanilides have herbicidal activity, particularly in pre-emergent applications against grassy weeds.

Abstract: In an improved method for the treatment of a permeable formation or zone adjacent to the bore of an oil well, the setting time of an acid-settable liquid is predictably delayed by use of a novel catalyst system. The method provides an effective means for controlling the reduction of the permeability of the formation or zone in a single stage treatment by dissolving the catalyst in the liquid and introducing the solution into the formation. The catalyst system comprises a mixture of a suitable acid-releasing compound and a base.

Abstract: Compound of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein R is hydroxy, halogen of atomic number 9 to 35, vinyl, alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylthio group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, epoxy group, acyl group or carbamoyl group singly substituted on the nitrogen atom with an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is a whole number in the range of 1 to 14, have juvenile hormone mimetic activity.

Abstract: Built-up roofing employing precoated felts are inhibited from slipping by the use of bituminous emulsions to bind the felts. A minor amount of a compatible latex is incorporated into the emulsion to increase the adhesion of the bonded felts.

Abstract: A lead-free candle wick composition comprising a combustible wick and a stiffening agent is disclosed. The stiffening agent comprises a substantially wax-insoluble polymer or copolymer which has a Vicat softening point at least 2.5.degree.C. higher than the melting point of the candle wax and which depolymerizes or pyrolyzes to substantially completely combustible products at a temperature above said melting point and at or below the temperature of the candle flame.

Abstract: Triazines of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R is chlorine, methoxy or methylthio, R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxyalkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or alkyl; R.sup.6 is alkyl, aryl or haloaryl; and Y is oxygen or sulfur, are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion finding use as a stable functional fluid comprises about 19 to about 50 weight percent water, about 80 to about 49 weight percent mineral oil and a small amount of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid mono ester of a polyoxyethylene mono-ol. The mono-ol has an average molecular weight of about 200-1,000 and the hydrocarbyl substituent is from about 750 to about 2,000 average molecular weight.