Abstract: An apparatus for applying a coating composition to an article and drying the solvent from the so applied coating prior to introduction of the coated article into the ambient atmosphere, comprising a housing or chamber in a generally "J" shape in which the small upwardly turned portion of the "J" defines an inner compartment isolated from the ambient atmosphere by the "J" configuration when the chamber is filled with a volatile solvent vapor and the inner compartment vapors are at an elevated temperature with respect to the remainder of the vapors in the chamber. The apparatus is provided with condensing means at the ambient atmosphere entrance and exit, a source of solvent vapors which may be integral with the chamber, and a means to introduce heat to the vapors and articles when they are in the inner compartment.

Abstract: Copper is removed from spent solutions of complexing agents containing cuprous aluminum tetrahalide, such as CuAlCl.sub.4.toluene by (1) contacting said solutions with water so as to form a precipitate of cuprous halide, an aqueous phase and an organic phase; (2) oxidizing the cuprous halide to cupric halide thereby rendering it water soluble; (3) separating the organic phase and aqueous phase, (4) contacting the aqueous phase with an environmentally suitable metal higher than copper from the electromotive series, such as aluminum, thereby precipitating copper metal and (5) separating the precipitated copper metal from the aqueous salt-containing mixture.Alternatively, the spent complex solutions can be contacted with 1 molar to 6 molar aqueous solution of a non-oxidizing acid such as HCl thereby eliminating the necessity of the oxidizing step (2) since the cuprous halide is soluble in the acidified aqueous phase.

Abstract: A method for dehydrogenating an alkyl aromatic compound, particularly, ethylbenzene or ethyl toluene, to its corresponding vinyl aromatic derivative, styrene or methyl styrene, respectively, in which the alkyl aromatic compound and its normally attendant diluent, stream or water, are preheated to a temperature below which any substantial thermal reaction temperature of the alkyl aromatic compound occurs, viz., 450.degree. to about 500.degree. C., and introduced into a catalytic bed of a reactor and thereafter contacted and mixed in said catalytic bed with a quantity of steam in an amount and at a temperature to raise the alkyl aromatic compound to the catalytic dehydrogenation temperature. The steam introduced into the catalyst bed, in a ratio less than 3 to 1 to about 0.7 to 1, steam to hydrocarbon passes through the bed in heat exchange relationship to the catalyst and the reacting gases prior to contacting and mixing with the alkyl aromatic compound in the bed.

Abstract: A catalyst for, and method of, producing a reaction product predominantly of maleic anhydride, that is a product of reaction containing a ratio of maleic to citraconic anhydrides of at least 25 to 1, respectively, and preferably greater than about 100 to 1, respectively, by reacting a feed stream consisting of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and an organic C.sub.5 feed predominantly of piperylene and dicyclopentadiene, and preferably predominantly dicyclopentadiene, at bath temperatures of from about 360.degree. to about 450.degree. C. over a catalyst comprising a mixture of 25 to 60 weight percent titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), 5 to 40 weight percent molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3) and 30 to 60 weight percent vanadium oxide (V.sub.2 O.sub.5) on an alpha alumina or alumina-silica carrier having less than about one square meter per gram (<1 m.sup.2 /g) surface area. The feed rate of the reactants is preferably between about 1,500 and about 15,000 gas hourly space velocity; the C.sub.

Abstract: A method for controlling the regeneration (desorbtion) of an absorbent material, i.e., an adsorbent bead or particle, for hydrocarbon vapors vented from confined spaces during periods of liquid fluctuations in the confined zone or for hydrocarbon vapors vented from within said zone which vapors are deliberately generated, or as a result of heating and cooling the confined spaces as a result of exposure to atmospheric temperature fluctuations of the confined space.

Abstract: Unstabilized vinylbenzyl chloride and substituted vinylbenzyl chlorides are essentially inert with respect to surfaces of aluminum or alloys containing at least 90 percent by weight of aluminum in sharp contrast to benzyl chloride and similar substituted benzyl halides. Aluminum and such alloys of aluminum are thus practical materials of construction for making containers, pipes, stills, still column packing and the like for handling vinylbenzyl chloride.

Abstract: A catalyst for, and method of, producing a reaction product predominantly of maleic anhydride, that is a product of reaction containing a ratio of maleic to citraconic anhydrides of at least 25 to 1, respectively, and preferably greater than about 100 to 1, respectively, by reacting a feed stream consisting of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and an organic C.sub.5 feed predominantly of piperylene and dicyclopentadiene, and preferably predominantly dicyclopentadiene, at bath temperatures of from about 360.degree. to about 450.degree. C. over a catalyst comprising a mixture of 25 to 60 weight percent titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), 5 to 40 weight percent molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3) and 30 to 60 weight percent vanadium oxide (V.sub.2 O.sub.5) on an alpha alumina or alumina-silica carrier having less than about one square meter per gram (<1 m.sup.2 /g) surface area.

Abstract: Polymeric materials and their thermoset, resinous products prepared by the polymerization of a mixture containing at least two different monomeric structures selected from the group having the general formula ##STR1## wherein each A represents a chalcogen independently selected from the group oxygen and sulfur; R.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2).sub.y OCH.sub.2 --R.sub.3 ; each R.sub.2 represents a member independently selected from the group consisting of R.sub.1, halogen and an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 represents a member selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl and propyl; each m represents an independently selected integer from 1 to 2; n represents an integer from 0 to 60 and y represents an integer from 0 to 3 in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature of from between about 140.degree. and about 165.degree. C. for from several minutes to several hours.

Abstract: A gas or liquid chromatographic column packing material prepared by reacting an activated, i.e., active hydrogen-containing, silica and/or alumina support with a reactive hydrogen-containing partitioning agent. The activated silica and/or alumina support is prepared by reacting a Group III metal hydride (boron, aluminum, gallium or indium hydride) with a hydrated silica and/or alumina (a siliceous or aluminaceous mineral having surface hydroxyl groups or a synthetic siliceous or alumina having surface hydroxyl groups). The support has hydrogen atoms attached to an aluminum, boron, gallium or indium atom which in turn is attached through oxygen to the silica and/or alumina. The hydrogen atoms will react with hydrogen of a hydroxyl, amine, thio, amide, or carbohydrate moieties of organic compounds, as for example, alcohols, polyols, polyglycol ethers, polyglycol amines, polyamines, aliphatic and aromatic amides, alkoxy amides, sugars and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of the structure R(SCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 X).sub.n when n=1 to 4 and R is a hydrocarbon, ether, ester, acetal, hydroxy aliphatic, hydroxy aromatic, imide or amide group or halogenated derivatives thereof are prepared by reacting 1-halo-3-mercapto-2-propanol with an aliphatically unsaturated compound using free radical initiators as catalysts. The compounds in which R is an unsaturated or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or an unsaturated or polyunsaturated cycloaliphatic group, and those in which the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group is connected through two or more of the polyunsaturated to two or more --S--CH.sub.2 CHOHCHCl groups, and compounds where R is an alkylene or polyalkylene substituted aromatic group and the hydroxy, thioalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, ester, carbamidoalkyl and sulfamidoalkyl, halogenated derivatives of said groups are new compounds. The thioether halohydrins can be converted to epoxides.

Abstract: A process for recovering substantially dry methyl chloride from a stream of wet methyl chloride by distilling the wet methyl chloride in the presence of at least 10 molar % hydrogen chloride based on the hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride and water being distilled. The distillation is carried out under super atmospheric pressure and a temperature to produce an aqueous hydrochloric acid of less than 36 wt %, and preferably under such super atmospheric pressure and sufficient temperature to produce an azeotropic hydrochloric acid containing a low concentration of hydrogen chloride. Increasing pressures allows increasing temperatures in the bottoms which form azeotropes of lower concentration hydrochloric acid. The resulting overhead of such a distillation, methyl chloride-hydrogen chloride, will contain less than about 400 molar ppm water. When the distillation is carried out in the presence of about 12 to 25 molar % hydrogen chloride, the overhead will contain between about 100 to 400 molar ppm water.

Abstract: A process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbon impurities from 1,2-dichloroethane streams by partially or completely hydrogenating some or all of the impurities therein by passing hydrogen into said stream in the presence of a palladium hydrogenation catalyst under conditions which do not promote the decomposition of the ethylene dichloride in said stream.

Abstract: The decomposition of pentachlorophenol during distillation to remove impurities is markedly reduced by incorporating into the distilling molten pentachlorophenol a hydroxyl or polyhydroxyl containing organic compound having a boiling point above about 100.degree. C. in the presence or absence of water.

Abstract: A copper based corrosion inhibitor composition and a method for employing the same to prevent corrosion of metal in contact with acid-gases, i.e., hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide. Copper, or a copper compound and sulfur or a sulfur compound, is maintained in solution in contact with the metal under conditions of operation, particularly the thermal regeneration, which provide copper ions and sulfur atoms, particularly polysulfide moieties at the surface of the metal, e.g. copper sulfide is dissolved in an aqueous alkanolamine, monoethanolamine, solution used as an absorbent for acid-gas removal from sour-gas. The copper and sulfur moieties may be formed in situ or prepared and added in solution. The inhibitor has particular utility in protecting metal surfaces which are subject to corrosion as an incidence of the acid-gas content of either natural or synthetic gases.

Abstract: A process for purifying a crude crystalline or crystallizable water-immiscible aromatic compound contaminated with one or more related congeneric impurities which cannot be readily separated by distillation, said process comprising:(1) forming a dispersion of liquefied crude material in an aqueous liquid by agitating the mixture;(2) effecting crystallization of the desired aromatic compound while maintaining the dispersion;(3) reducing agitation sufficiently to permit the formation of three phases, i.e., a solid crystalline phase, an aqueous liquid phase, and a mother liquor phase; and(4) separating the crystals;Said aqueous liquid being immiscible with, and having a density between, the aforementioned solid crystalline phase and the mother liquor phase.

Abstract: Low yield thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon such as ethylbenzene caused by contact with active metal surfaces in a catalytic dehydrogenation reactor is reduced by coating the metal surfaces, particularly those in the feed inlet end, with a thin layer of an inactivating metal or metal compound, such as V.sub.2 O.sub.5, preferably in an inert ceramic medium.

Abstract: N-substituted cyclic imides of diacids such as oxydiacetic acid and N-substituted iminodiacetic acid are produced by contacting a hydroxy amide of the formulaHOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A--CH.sub.2 --CONHRwith a reduced copper dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of about 200.degree.-30 .degree. C, A representing --O-- or ##STR1## and R and R' being hydrocarbon groups of 1-8 carbon atoms. The reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of hydrogen and the diol corresponding to the hydroxyamide. The process is essentially a means of making oxydiacetic acid or iminodiacetic acid from diethylene glycol or diethanolamine respectively as the original starting material. These dicarboxylic acids are useful chelating agents, particularly for Ca and Mg ions, they are intermediates in chemical syntheses, and they are difunctional monomers for making polyester plastics.

Abstract: An improved process for preparation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and/or vinylidene chloride by the direct high temperature chlorination of ethane, ethyl chloride, ethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane or mixtures thereof wherein the relatively small quantities of unsaturated, chlorinated compounds containing more than two carbon atoms formed as by-products are selectively reacted with elemental chlorine to produce stable compounds which are not detrimental to the efficient operation of subsequent iron catalyzed hydrochlorination and dehydrochlorination steps. This is accomplished in the presence of relatively high concentration of valuable unsaturated C.sub.2 's.

Abstract: A catalyst for, and method of, producing a reaction product predominantly of maleic anhydride, that is a product of reaction containing a ratio of maleic to citraconic anhydrides of at least 25 to 1, respectively, and preferably greater than about 100 to 1, respectively, by reacting a feed stream consisting of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and an organic C.sub.5 feed predominantly of piperylene and dicyclopentadiene, and preferably predominantly dicyclopentadiene, at bath temperatures of from about 360.degree. to about 450.degree. C over a catalyst comprising a mixture of 25 to 60 weight percent titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), 5 to 40 weight percent molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3) and 30 to 60 weight percent vanadium oxide (V.sub.2 O.sub.5) on an alpha alumina or alumina-silica carrier having less than about one square meter per gram (<1 m.sup.2 /g) surface area. The feed rate of the reactants is preferably between about 1,500 and about 15,000 gas hourly space velocity; the C.sub.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and lower alkyl mercaptans are selectively extracted from a gas stream by contacting the stream with piperazinone or an alkyl substituted piperazinone which may contain a substantial proportion of water. The absorbed sulfur compounds can be regenerated by heating the extraction liquid to about 85.degree.-150.degree. C.