Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the integrated, continuous, high speed manufacture of metallic strip, especially brass, from a melt. The apparatus comprises a chilled casting mold in liquid communication with a melt, means for drawing a rod through the mold at a constant rate and means for oscillating the mold in a pattern of forward and reverse strokes with respect to the direction of travel of the rod. Conversion of the rod to strip comprises flattening in a hot rolling mill, and quenching. In accordance with known procedures, the produced strip can be further reduced in cross section in one or more cold rolling mill or other hot rolling mills if desired.

Abstract: An extended life capacitor is disclosed in which an enclosing body is made from a tantalum can and tantalum cap and enclosing a plurality of double layer capacitor cells. Each of the capacitor cells includes a conductive material, such as activated carbon, with an aqueous electrolyte therein such as dilute sulfuric acid. In the preferred embodiment, this is about 38% by weight of sulfuric acid, and the remainder water. Lead-ins are provided to make electronic connection to the two ends of the capacitor cell stack as anode and cathode electrodes. The entire unit is hermetically sealed to inhibit the loss of electrolyte from the capacitor body to less than 2% per year, and the electrodes are at least partly coated with a noble metal such as gold to limit the establishment of a spurious capacitor which would be in series with the stack of plurality cells, which would otherwise greatly decrease the capacity of the entire unit.

Abstract: Semipermeable membranes useful for separating mixtures of ethanol and water into enriched fractions of each are prepared by cross-linking 50-90 weight percent of at least one polymer containing pendent, adjacent carboxy groups with 10-50 weight percent of at least one diamine. Membranes prepared from copolymers of maleic anhydride and styrene cross-linked with a polyoxyalkylene diamine are exemplary. These membranes are also useful in gas separation processes, such as separating oxygen from nitrogen.

Abstract: In double layer capacitors having carbon electrodes, the electrodes contain at least 1%, by weight, of an inert particulate material to reduce the leakage current of the capacitor. The inert particulate material is selected from the group comprising SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiC and aluminum silicates.

Abstract: A method for making electrodes for use in double layer capacitors comprising adding to a carbon powder-electrolyte mix an excess of liquid to render the mix pumpable, moderately overfilling an electrode cavity with the mix and removing the excess liquid in an equilibration step so that the remaining mix substantially fills the electrode cavity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the zeta potential of particles in a suspension comprising: a cell containing at least a portion of the suspension of particles; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed in a cell; means for producing an electric field between the first and second electrodes, the electric field causing the particles to accelerate; means for converting a force, the force being generated by the acceleration of the particles, into electrical energy; and means for measuring the electrical energy.

Abstract: A low pressure filtration and thickening device comprising a tank having a plurality of suspended filter elements therein and a plurality of filtrate receiving compartments in the upper portion of the tank for receiving filtrate from the filter elements wherein a filtrate discharge system is provided for providing separate and uninterrupted flow paths for the filtrate from the filter tank to a storage tank.

Abstract: A strong, relatively inert filter cloth is impregnated with an ion exchange resin to provide, for an electrofiltration process, a reinforced solid polymeric electrolyte having ion transport properties and at the same time constituting a positive barrier to mass transport.

Abstract: The crude product obtained from the acid hydrolysis of cellulose, the product comprising concentrated hydrochloric acid and the various sugars obtained from the acid hydrolysis of cellulose, is separated into a first fraction comprising concentrated hydrochloric acid and a second fraction comprising the sugars by a process comprising:(1) contacting the crude product with an organic solvent consisting essentially of at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 alcohol such that the organic solvent is enriched with the concentrated hydrochloric acid,(2) separating the enriched organic solvent from the concentrated hydrochloric acid depleted crude product, and(3) recovering the concentrated hydrochloric acid from the enriched organic solvent.

Abstract: The process for preparing 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, the process comprising contacting at reactive conditions 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and chlorine gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one Lewis acid, such as ferric trichloride, is improved by using as a cocatalyst a polymeric compound having a plurality of iodinated benzene nuclei, such as an iodinated polystyrene resin.

Abstract: Olefins of two to four carbon atoms are prepared by an improved Fischer-Tropsch process, the improvement comprising the use of a catalyst having a surface area less than about 100 m.sup.2 /g and consisting essentially of:(1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the sulfide, oxide or metal of Mo, W, Re, Ru, Ni, Pd, Rh, Os, Ir and Pt;(2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the hydroxide, oxicde or salt of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Th; and(3) optionally, a support.

Abstract: Olefins are converted to alcohols by a one-step, hydroformylation process comprising contacting an olefin, such as 1-hexene, with a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst prepared by loading a bimetallic cluster of the formula: Rh.sub.x Co.sub.y CO.sub.12 wherein both x and y are independently integers 1-3 with the proviso that .SIGMA.(x+y)=4, onto an amine resin, such as Dowex.RTM. MWA-1.

Abstract: The process for preparing 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, the process comprising contacting at reactive conditions 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and chlorine gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one Lewis acid, such as ferric trichloride, is improved by using as a cocatalyst at least one iodoaryl compound, such as p-iodoanisole.

Abstract: Fire-retardant compositions consisting essentially of an inorganic, fire-retardant phosphate salt and a binder of a poly-2-oxazoline having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 1,000 and at least about 40 percent phosphorylated are applied to wood or wood products by an improved method comprising admixing with a solution of the composition, either prior to or simultaneously with the application of the composition to the wood or wood product, an anionic or nonionic organic phosphate ester surfactant, such as Victawet.RTM. 35B. The use of these surfactants increases the rate and extent of penetration of the fire-retardant composition into the wood.

Abstract: A feed slurry containing fine solids, polar liquids and premium liquid oil and produced by high temperature hydrogenation of a solid fuel, such as coal, is separated into a first fraction comprising the premium liquid oil and a second fraction comprising the fine solids and polar liquids by (a) contacting the feed slurry with a solvent, such as (1) C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 aliphatic hydrocarbon (2) C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 alicyclic hydrocarbon or (3) naphthenic or paraffinic fraction of a coal liquefaction product containing less than 10 wt. % aromatics at a temperature of 100.degree.-250.degree. C. and pressure sufficient to maintain the feed slurry and solvent in the liquid state but less than 450 psi. The feed slurry is introduced at or near the top of a contacting zone of a vertical column, which also has an upper settling zone and a lower collection zone, and the solvent is introduced at or near the bottom of the contacting zone of said column at a solvent; slurry wt ratio of at least 0.

Abstract: A process for preparing an allylic or an aromatic aldehyde, such as acrolein or benzaldehyde, the process comprising contacting in a basic, liquid, biphasic mixture and at reactive conditions an allylic halide or a halomethylated aromatic, such as allyl or benzyl chloride, with a divalent chromate ion, is improved by contacting the allylic halide or halomethylated aromatic with the divalent chromate ion in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salt, such as tetra-n-butylammonium chloride. The improved process is faster, cleaner and more complete than the process of the prior art.

Abstract: The title compounds are of the formula P --O--R--.sub.n R').sub.mwherein:P is a polymer matrix of sufficient structure and molecular weight so as to be substantially water- and hydrocarbon-insoluble;R is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, ##STR1## --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O- or a combination thereof; R' is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl;n is an integer of 3 to about 40; andm is a real number such that the weight percent of --O--R--.sub.n R') groups is at least about 1 percent of the total weight of the compound.A representative example of these compounds is the reaction product of a poly(ethyleneglycol ether) having a weight average molecular weight of about 300 and a chloromethylated polystyrene resin. These polymer-supported poly (alkyleneglycol ethers) are useful phase-transfer catalysts for a wide variety of reactions, such as alkylation, displacement and carbene formation.

Abstract: In the catalytic hydrogenation of a substance in a water-immiscible organic liquid medium, a metallic hydrogenation catalyst is conveniently and effectively dispersed in the reaction mixture by addition as an emulsion of an aqueous solution of a salt of the metal in the liquid medium. The method is particularly applicable to the liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of the formula ##STR1## where R, R' and R" are typically individually alkyl or inertly-substituted alkyl radicals and Y.sup..crclbar. is a neutralizing anion, are readily prepared by quaternizing the nonamide ring nitrogen of an N-alkyl piperazinone. These quaternary ammonium salts demonstrate biological activity.

Abstract: The method of binding a water-soluble, direct dye to paper is improved by using as a binder the reaction product of a polyalkylene polyamine and a quaternary ammonium salt. For example, the direct dye Intralite.RTM. Yellow 2RLSW manufactured by Crompton & Knowles bound to paper toweling by the reaction product of a polyethylenimine having a number average molecular weight of about 40,000 and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride demonstrates improved bleed resistance under alkaline conditions than when bound to similar paper toweling by conventional binders, such as polyethylenimine or other cationic, nitrogen-containing polymers.