Abstract: A scanning unit includes a lamp-mounting body having a top surface formed with an elongate opening that is disposed between a pair of parallel first and second grooves. First and second reflective layers are attached respectively over curved groove-defining surfaces of walls defining respectively the first and second grooves. Tubular first and second lamps are mounted respectively in the first and second grooves. An intersecting line of a first plane in which a middle line of the curved groove-defining surface defining the first groove and a first central axis of the first lamp are disposed, and a second plane in which a middle line of the curved groove-defining surface defining the second groove and a second central axis of the second lamp are disposed, is located on a scanning surface, and is disposed directly above the opening.

Abstract: A miniature movable device comprises a movable part (a mirror, a movable rod, support arms, and a movable comb tooth electrode) formed on a substrate and adapted to be displaced in a direction parallel to the sheet surface of the substrate, a fixing part formed and fixedly mounted on the substrate, and hinges, each having its opposite ends connected to the movable part and the fixing part and assuming two flexural conditions which are reversed in flexural, the hinges being effective to maintain the movable part at two positions by a self-holding action when it assumes either flexural condition. The substrate is formed with wall surfaces which are disposed oppositely to the opposite surfaces of the hinges over a movable range of the hinges.

Abstract: A signal under measurement is band-limited, and frequency components around a fundamental frequency of the signal under measurement are extracted. Waveform data (approximated zero-crossing data) close to zero-crossing timings of the band-limited signal are sampled, and phase error data between the approximated zero-crossing points and the corresponding zero-crossing points of the signal under measurement are calculated from the approximated zero-crossing data to obtain a zero-crossing phase error data sequence ?[k]. Then an instantaneous period sequence T(k) of the signal under measurement is obtained from the zero-crossing phase error data and sampling intervals Tk,k+1 of the approximated zero-crossing data sequence. Then a period jitter sequence is obtained from differences between the T(k) and a fundamental period T0 of the signal under measurement, and then the period jitter sequence is multiplied by T0/Tk,k+1 to correct the period jitter sequence.

Abstract: By forming a coaxial receptacle and a coaxial plug, for which the characteristic impedances have been adjusted, at the respective end portions of a receptacle-side insulating housing and a plug-side body constituting a multi-connector being a parallel connector part, a transmission line has been made possible in which a multi-connector is mated and the signals passing through the coaxial connector at the same time exhibit little reflection and radiation.

Abstract: A lossless encoder and decoder are provided for transmitting a multichannel signal on a medium such as DVD-Audio. The encoder accepts additionally a downmix specification and splits the encoded stream into two substreams, such that a two-channel decoder of meagre computational power can implement the downmix specification by decoding one substream, while a multichannel decoder can decode the original multichannel signal losslessly using both substreams. Further features provide for efficient implementation on 24-bit processors, for confirmation of lossless reproduction to the user, and for benign behaviour in the case of downmix specifications that result in overload. The principle is also extended to mixed-rate signals, where for example some input channels are sampled at 48 kHz and some are sampled at 96 kHz.

Abstract: A light source 10 is connected sequentially through a single mode optical fiber and a coupler to one end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of which is connected to an optical waveguide of an optical integrated circuit having a branching optical waveguide which has a polarizing function with the polarization axis of the optical fiber being coincident with the direction of the TE mode in the optical waveguide. One end of each of polarization maintaining optical fibers are connected to two other ends of the optical waveguide with the polarization axis of the optical fibers being coincident with the direction of the TE mode in the optical waveguide. The other ends of the optical fibers are connected to one end of each of polarization maintaining optical fibers with their polarization axis displaced by an angle of 45° from each other. The other ends of the optical fibers are connected to the opposite ends of a single mode fiber optic coil.

Abstract: A cubic element of photonic crystal is integrally formed on the surface of a photo-detection element, and a portion of the photonic crystal cubic element is irradiated with ultraviolet rays thereby to change the refractive index of the portion of the cubic element that has been irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Alternatively, by causing globular particles having different refractive indices to eject on the surface of the photo-detection element from an ink-jet apparatus having a nozzle provided with a temperature control part by controlling temperature of the nozzle to form a laminate of globular particle layers having different refractive indices, a photonic crystal lens is integrally formed on the surface of the photo-detection element.

Abstract: A test pattern sequence which is used to test a delay fault or an open fault which accompanies a delay occurring in an IC is easily and rapidly generated. A list of locations such as logic gates and signal lines within the circuit where a fault is likely to occur is prepared. One of the faults is selected, and an initialization test pattern v1 which establishes an initial value for activating the fault at the location of a fault is determined by the implication operation, and a propagation test pattern v2 which causes a stuck-at fault to be propagated to a following gate is determined by the implication operation. A sequence formed by v1 and v2 is registered with a test pattern list, and the described operations are repeated until there remains no unprocessed fault in the fault list.

Abstract: Disclosed is a framework system improved such that flow of complex business logic for processing a variety of messages may be easily defined and changed without need for programming. Messaging service(s) 15 may relay message(s) between client(s) 11, 13 and framework service(s) 16. Among request message(s) relayed from client(s) 11, 13 to framework service(s) 16 there may be message(s) comprising subject ID(s) associated with subject(s) of such message(s). Framework service(s) 16 may possess a plurality of sets of business logic 22 and flow definition file(s) 23. Flow definition file(s) 23 may comprise a plurality of definition sentences respectively corresponding to various subject IDs, and each such definition sentence may indicate schedule(s) for execution of business logic.

Abstract: Affixed in intimate contact to the inside surface of a front board 10a of a conductive capsule 10 provided with a receiving sound aperture 10aa is a conductive back electrode board provided with air vent apertures 11a, 11b which are positioned not in alignment with the receiving sound aperture, these apertures 10a and 11a, 11b being connected by a slit 10ad. A polarized FEP film 12 which is an electret film is disposed on the surface of the back electrode board 11 opposite from the front board 10a, and a conductive diaphragm 14 is disposed on the surface of the FEP 12 opposite from the back electrode board 11 with a spacer 13 interposed therebetween which extends around the outer periphery of the opposite surface of the FEP 12. These component parts are accommodate in the capsule 10 to constitute an electret condenser microphone which is capable of suppressing sensitivity degradation due to ingress of grit from the outside to the electret film.

Abstract: An optical recording device includes: a light source for emitting light of plural wavelengths; an optical waveguide formed by a crystal defect in a photonic crystal, into which light emitted from the light source is launched; an information recording/erasing unit for changing the shape of the photonic crystal near the optical waveguide; and a light detecting unit for detecting the light emitted from the optical waveguide. A contact probe of the information recording/erasing unit applies pressure to one of a plurality of periodically arranged columnar holes of the photonic crystal to widen its diameter, thereby capturing light of a wavelength ?k corresponding to the information to be recorded. Since the optical waveguide extends parallel to the crystal surface, the optical recording device can be integrated with an optical circuit.

Abstract: Timing jitter sequences ??j[n] and ??k[n] of respective clock signals under measurement xj(t) and xk(t) are estimated, and a timing difference sequence between those timing jitter sequences is calculated. In addition, initial phase angles ?0j and ?0k of linear instantaneous phases of the xj(t) and xk(t) are estimated, respectively. A sum of a difference between those initial angles and the timing difference sequence is calculated to obtain a clock skew sequence between the xj(t) and xk(t).

Abstract: By measuring, for an ultra-low-expansion glass material, the frequency dependence of acoustic velocities and attenuation coefficients of bulk waves (longitudinal waves and shear waves), and the density, its fundamental acoustic properties are revealed, and a standard specimen for use in system calibration is prepared. By an absolute calibration method using the standard specimen, absolute values for both the LSAW and LSSCW velocities are obtained. Moreover, there are obtained relationships for the acoustic properties and the coefficient of thermal expansion to evaluate the coefficient of thermal expansion from the acoustic properties. In case there is a distribution of characteristics due to periodic striae, an accurate acoustic property distribution in the substrate can be ascertained and an evaluation performed, by selecting for the substrate a cutting angle with respect to the striae plane.

Abstract: In one half portion of one surface of a substrate there are formed in parallel V-grooves of the same depth, in which optical fibers and are disposed and positioned with their axes held at a height H1 with respect to the surface. The optical fibers and have lens portions formed integrally therewith at one end, and the end faces of the lens portions are tilted at an angle ?? from their axes. A beam splitter is mounted on the substrate on a center line between elongations of the optical fibers, and light emitted from the lens portion propagates through space and is launched in focused form into the beam splitter, and a portion of the incident light is reflected, which propagates space and is launched in focused form into the lens portion and propagates through the optical fiber. The light having passed through the beam splitter is launched into a light receiving element.

Abstract: A coupling device includes a coupling seat unit connected pivotally to pivot portions of two rod members of a foldable frame such that an engaging end portion of each rod member extends into an accommodating space of the coupling seat unit when the rod members are aligned with each other in an extended position. A spring-loaded latch unit is mounted movably in the accommodating space and is operable from an engaging position for retaining the rod members in the extended position to a releasing position for permitting movement of the rod members to a folded position. An actuating member has a connecting portion extending into the accommodating space and mounted movably on the coupling seat unit, and an actuating portion operably externally of the accommodating space for moving the actuating portion so as to drive the latch unit to move from the engaging position to the releasing position.

Abstract: A V-groove is formed in a platform of single crystal silicon by anisotropic wet etching based on its crystal orientation, and a convexity of an optical element chip is fitted in an intermediate portion of the V-groove. Quadrangular frustoidal convexities are formed in rows and columns on a single crystal silicon wafer by anisotropic wet etching, then a photonic crystal filter element is formed as an optical element on the protruding end face of each convexity, and the wafer is cut for each optical element into individual optical element chips. When optical fibers are disposed in the V-groove at both sides of the chip, cores of the optical fibers and light inlet and outlet ports of the optical element are aligned with each other.

Abstract: There is provided an optical switch that can be easily manufactured and has hardly any optical loss. A movable board-like electrode disposed in parallel with a fixed board-like electrode with a predetermined space therebetween by a flexible beam-like element, at least two mirrors fabricated on the surface of the movable board-like electrode, and at least three V-shaped grooves for fixing optical fibers are concurrently fabricated by applying an anisotropic etching to a single crystal silicon having its surface of (100) crystal face. In this case, two opposed mirrors are fabricated such that their mirror surfaces form a right angle, and two parallel V-shaped grooves are formed at positions opposed to the mirror surfaces at an angle of 45° thereto. An output side and an input side optical fibers are received and fixed in one of the two V-shaped grooves and the other groove, respectively.

Abstract: In a keytop in which a mark indicating a function of the corresponding key switch is printed on the top surface of a keytop body made of a synthetic resin, the mark being a letter, a character, a numeral, a word, a symbol, a sign, a figure, a pattern or the like, or any combination thereof, and the mark is coated with a resin coating, a transparent or semitransparent coating that is soft, not slippery, and lusterless, is applied on the whole surface of the keytop body including the resin coating. Such transparent or semitransparent coating gives a soft feeling to the tip of an operator's finger as well as the tip thereof is hard to slip off the keytop, and hence the feeling thereof on operation is comfortable and the operativity thereof is satisfactory. Moreover, a line of the contour of the resin coating becomes disappeared and it is possible to completely take off the luster thereof. Accordingly, a grade in the external appearance of the keytop can be improved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic component with a contact having a terminal section for brazing and a contact section includes steps that construct a contact base member of a material that is poorly wettable, forms a primer plating layer of a material that is poorly wettable to the weld brazing material on the base member, forms a finish plating layer of a material that is highly wettable to the weld brazing material on the primer plating layer, and selectively removes a portion of the finish plating layer to obtain an exposed region of the primer plating layer that serves as an arresting region for arresting the weld brazing material from creeping up and migrating along the highly wettable finish plating layer in brazing the terminal section to the brazing pad of a wiring board.

Abstract: In coloration of a shaped article composed of a curable resin, the addition operation can be reliably conducted and a reliable coloration effect can be obtained in both the single-color addition and in the multicolor addition. A liquid-phase, non-colored photo-curable resin is cured by irradiation with laser light and a lowermost layer 5n is formed. A liquid-phase, photo-curable resin is applied on the upper surface thereof and a colored layer 5n-1 comprising a cured non-colored region and a liquid-phase pool region is formed. A color ink is drop-wise added to the liquid-phase pool region. The pool region is irradiated with laser light and cured to the same hardness as that of the non-colored region. A block-like coating film having the prescribed thickness if formed from the surface coating film produced by the color ink covering the pool region. As a result, the formation of the next layer (colored layer 5n-2) on the upper surface of colored layer 5n-1 can be conducted without obstacles.