Abstract: Micro-mechanical devices, such as MEMS, having layers thereon, and methods of forming the layers, are disclosed. In one aspect, a method may include forming a layer including an oxide of aluminum over at least a portion of a micro-mechanical device, and coating the layer by bonding material to surface hydroxyl groups of the layer. In another aspect, a method may include introducing a micro-mechanical device into an atomic layer deposition chamber, and substantially filling nanometer sized voids of the micro-mechanical device by using atomic layer deposition to introduce material into the voids. In a still further aspect, a method may include introducing an alkylaminosilane to a micro-mechanical device having a surface hydroxyl group, and bonding a silane to the micro-mechanical device by reacting the alkylaminosilane with the surface hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A wing-drive mechanism is described that permits, with proper control, movement of a wing about multiple wing trajectories. The wing-drive is capable of independent movement about three rotational degrees of movement; movement about a flap axis is independent of movement about a yaw axis, and both are independent of changes in the pitch of the wing. Methods of controlling the wing-drive mechanism to affect a desired wing trajectory include the use of a non-linear automated controller that generates input signals to the wing-drive mechanism by comparing actual and desired wing trajectories in real time. Specification of wing trajectories is preferably also accomplished in real time using an automated trajectory specification system, which can include a fuzzy logic processor or a neural network. A vehicle that derives controlled motion as a whole from the wing-drive mechanism is also disclosed.

Abstract: Organic compounds are hydrogenated in the presence of certain monocyclopentadienyl Group IV metal compounds. These titanium compounds are effective hydrogenation catalysts for polymers containing ethylenic unsaturation. They further provide for selective hydrogenation of ethylenic unsaturation sites in the presence of aromatic groups.

Abstract: Prepare silicon nitride-silicon carbide composite powders by carbothermal reduction of crystalline silica powder, carbon powder and, optionally, crystalline silicon nitride powder. The crystalline silicon carbide portion of the composite powders has a mean number diameter less than about 700 nanometers and contains nitrogen. The composite powders may be used to prepare sintered ceramic bodies and self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramic bodies.

Abstract: A resinous composite material is disclosed containing randomly dispersed fibers and from about 0.05 to 30 percent of a particulate conductive or semi-conductive filler. In addition to providing excellent EMI shielding properties, these composites are formable and are of sufficient strength to act as structural components.

Abstract: Reaction injection molded polyurethanes prepared from a composition comprising (A) a relatively high molecular weight polyol, (B) a chain extender and (C) an aliphatic polyisocyanate or polyisothiocyanate are improved by replacing a portion of the relatively high molecular weight polyol with an aminated or partially aminated polyoxyalkylene material.

Abstract: An antistatic agent for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a phosphate ester.

Abstract: This invention is an improvement in a process for preparing a polyurethane backed substrate whereby a reacting polyurethane forming mixture comprising at least one polyahl and at least one polyisocyanate as applied to a substrate and subsequently curing thereon to form an attached polyurethane backing. The improvement which is this invention comprises employing an organoiron or organobismuth catalyst for said polyurethane forming mixture. The organoiron or organobismuth catalyst is employed in an amount such that the polymer forming mixture exhibits the viscosity of not greater than about 20,000 cps 2 minutes after the polyahl and polyisocyanates are contacted in the presence of said catalyst at 20.degree.-50.degree. C. and the polyurethane forming mixture cures to a tack free state at an elevated temperature in the presence of said catalyst in less than about 8 minutes.

Abstract: Isocyanate-derived foams are prepared from an isocyanate, catalyst, blowing agent, foam stabilizing surfactant and at least two active hydrogen-containing compounds wherein one of the active hydrogen-containing compounds is an alkylene oxide polymer having an equivalent of at least 300 and being composed of at least about 10 weight percent, based on a total weight of the polymerized alkylene oxide in the polymer, of a polymerized ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A polyurea or polyurea-polyurethane elastomer which is the reaction product of reaction mixture comprising (a) an organic polyisocyanate, (b) a low equivalent weight aromatic amine chain extender in an amount from about 15 to 60 parts by weight based on the weight of isocyanate reactive components present in said reaction mixture, (c) an amount of an amine-initiated polyol sufficient to provide the elastomer with a measurably decreased brittleness at demold as compared to a similar elastomer prepared in the absence of said amine initiated polyol.

Abstract: Siloxane modified isocyanurate polymers are disclosed which are the reaction product of a siloxane containing polyahl and a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst for a trimerization of the isocyanate to form isocyanurate rings.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylaryl polyamines are prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene polyol with an aromatic amine in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst containing Ni, Co, Cu or Mn.

Abstract: The K-factor and/or dimensional stability and/or expansion at demold properties of rigid foams are improved by including in the reaction mixture containing a polyol, polyisocyanate, foaming agent and catalyst, an appropriate amount of a compound containing at least one aliphatic primary amine group such as ethylene diamine.

Abstract: Internal mold release compositions suitable for use in preparing polyurethane and polyurea moldings comprise a tertiary amine compound, a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, amidocarboxylic acid, phosphorus-containing acid or boron-containing acid. The metal is from Group IA, IB, IIA, or IIB metal or aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, nickel, tin, lead, antimony or bismuth.

Abstract: Copolymer polyols are prepared by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyahl mixture in the presence of a triiodomethyl compound. The use of the triiodomethyl compound provides a lower viscosity, more stable copolymer polyahl.

Abstract: Vinyl urethane composite polymers are prepared by reacting a vinyl monomer, a polyahl, and a polyisocyanate in the presence of a vinyl-terminated urethane oligomer in specified proportions. The oligomer provides significantly improved impact strength and elongation to the composite. The composite is useful in preparing molded materials such as furniture and machine components.

Abstract: Copolymer polyols are prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyahl mixture in the presence of iodine or an iodine-releasing inorganic compound. The use of the iodine or iodine-releasing inorganic compound provides a lower viscosity, more stable copolymer polyahl.

Abstract: Polymers having high impact strength, high modulus and high heat distortion temperatures are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with a secondary amine terminated adduct of a polyepoxide and a primary amine.

Abstract: Polyamines are prepared from aromatic amines and aliphatic aldehydes or ketones using cationic or acid ion exchange resins as a catalyst in an essentially oxygen-free atmosphere with the aromatic amines being distilled and protected from the atmosphere.

Abstract: Novel thermoplastic polyelectrolyte complexes are disclosed which are the reaction products of (a) a polyanion and (b) a polycation wherein one of the polyanion and polycation contains repeating units derived from a soft monomer. By the selection of said soft monomers and of the cation group present in the polycation, moldable, extrudable polyelectrolyte complexes are obtained.