Abstract: There is disclosed a universal joint for multiple conduit system wherein all of the conduits pass through the interior of the joint. The conduits which pass through the universal joint on axes offset from the pivot axes of the joint are provided with first and second pivot means which are preferably fluid swivels. The fluid swivels provide the requisite flexibility to the conduits when the universal joint is flexed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a universal joint for multiple flowline system wherein all of the conduits pass through the interior of the joint. The conduits whichpass through the universal joint on axes offset from the pivot axes of the joint are provided with flexing means which enable the offset conduit to rotate around a pivot axis of the universal joint when the joint is flexed.

Abstract: An improved method for transmitting fluid pressure signals through a conduit is disclosed wherein time delay is minimized. In the practice of this invention, a pressure pulse is applied to a conduit for a predetermined time interval and thereafter reduced to a maintenance level. The invention is particularly useful in sequentially controlling subsea oil well valves from a remote surface station.

Abstract: A divertor tool is disclosed for diverting a pump-down tool (PDT) along various branches of a pipeline. The diverter includes a flapper to redirect the PDT along an alternate conduit of a wye-section of the pipeline. The flapper is hydraulically operated by an actuation chamber at the lower end of the diverter. The entire diverter tool is capable of being installed in a side-pocket mandrel of the pipeline adjacent the wye-section using such standard oil field equipment as a kickover tool. The entire diverter is also easily removable for servicing using a standard kickover tool.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for transporting ball sealers down a perforated casing of a well to affect fluid diversion when hydraulically treating a formation penetrated by the well. In this invention, ball sealers are transported to said perforations in a carrier fluid system comprising a leading fluid portion having a density greater than said ball sealers and a trailing fluid portion having a density less than said ball sealers. The ball sealers will be moved downwardly in the casing to the perforations and will seat onto the perforations through which fluids are flowing to divert fluid through the unplugged perforations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the selective placement of ball sealers for fluid treatment of a well, said ball sealers having a density less than the density of said fluid comprising a tubular member, means on said tubular member for positioning said apparatus in said well casing and means on said tubular member for deploying and blocking said well casing to prevent upward movement of said ball sealers past said apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for diverting fluid when treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well provided with casing having a plurality of perforations. Ball sealers having a density less than fluid in the casing are lowered down the casing between upper perforations and lower perforations. A screen means is positioned above the ball sealers to prevent upward migration of the balls to a level adjacent the upper perforations. A preferred screen means comprises a cage which is open at its lower end and has openings in its upper end which prevent passage of ball sealers therethrough and permits fluid flow down the casing and through the cage. The cage with the ball sealers therein is lowered down the casing by a conventional wireline. Once the cage and ball sealers are between the upper and lower perforations, a treating fluid more dense than the ball sealers is injected into the well to cause fluid flow.

Abstract: Improvements in the treatment of wells that penetrate subterranean formations are accomplished through the use of a polymer solution which includes a neutralized ionomeric polymer dissolved in an organic solvent and a polar cosolvent. The polymer has a backbone that is substantially soluble in the organic solvent and pendant ionomeric groups that are substantially insoluble in the organic solvent. The polar cosolvent solubilizes the pendant ionomeric groups such that the polymer solution upon introduction into the well has a viscosity less than about 20,000 centipoises and upon mixing with water the polar cosolvent is taken up by the water causing the polymer to aggregate and increase in viscosity sufficient to form a plug. The polymer solution may be used in well drilling operations, well completion operations, and secondary recovery operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sampling the composition of fluid flowing through a conduit which includes a sampling conduit having an inlet disposed within said conduit and transverse to the axis of fluid flow in said conduit and an outlet connected to said conduit downstream of said inlet, and means for measuring the composition of fluid flowing through the sampling conduit. The sampling conduit is sized in relation to the conduit to cause isokinetic withdrawal of fluid from said conduit into said sampling conduit.

Abstract: A marine riser system for use in deep water drilling operations from a floating vessel is disclosed. The riser system permits detachment of the lower end of the riser from the wellhead enabling the riser to be set aside to a position which is clear of the wellhead. Support means adjacent the wellhead can be used to support and position the riser when it is set aside. Tensioners, support mechanisms and guidance means are provided to move the riser back and forth between the wellhead and support means. In this manner, casing and tools having diameters larger than that of the riser can be inserted into the wellhead without returning the riser to the surface. Drilling operations with large diameter drill bits can also be conducted with the riser in the set aside position.

Abstract: A subsea wet electrical connector capable of repeated mating and unmating underwater at great depths and capable of operating under conditions of continuous and simultaneous high amperages and high voltages up to 35,000 volts while mated. The connector employs cylindrical pin contacts in the male plug and a dummy piston and cylinder mechanisms in the female receptacle to protect the female contact prior to mating. Dielectric insulating blocks, preferably machined from polycarbonate, and a dielectric insulating fluid provide the electrical insulation for the conductive components of both the male plug and female receptacle. Passageways within the dielectric block of the female receptacle permit flow of dielectric fluid through the cylinder of the female receptacle during mating and allow convective circulation of the dielectric fluid through the cylinder to dissipate heat from the vicinity of the electrical conductors and solid insulating blocks.

Abstract: A method is described for using ball sealers as a diverting agent when treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well provided with casing having perforations at a plurality of levels. Ball sealers sized to plug a perforation, a first fluid having a density greater than the ball sealers and a second fluid less dense than the ball sealers are introduced into the casing concurrently or in any order. The amount of the first fluid introduced should be sufficient to fill the lower portion of the casing to a level between the lower perforations to be plugged and the upper perforations to be left open to fluid flow. Once the ball sealers are disposed below the upper perforations, treating fluid is injected into the casing to cause a flow of the second fluid through the lower perforations to carry the ball sealers down the casing to plug the lower perforations and to cause fluid flow through the upper perforation which the ball sealers did not plug.

Abstract: A method of preventing the failure of a sand consolidation treatment due to contamination of the resinous material with aqueous rathole fluids during injection is described. The method involves displacing the aqueous rathole fluids with a dense, nonaqueous liquid prior to introducing the resinous material into the formation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for generating or forming hydrofluoric acid in a subterranean siliceous formation by combining an injected aqueous solution of a fluoride salt and an injected aqueous acid solution in the pore spaces of the formation. This is accomplished according to this invention by immobilizing one of the aqueous solutions in the pore spaces of the formation by displacing the aqueous solution into the formation with a liquid that is substantially immiscible with the injected aqueous solution, thereby driving said aqueous solution to a saturation at or below its residual saturation. The other aqueous solution is then injected into the formation.

Abstract: An improved well packer for use in sour gas wells is disclosed. The improved packer includes a cylindrical mandrel encircled with a resilient metal seal ring, means for anchoring the packer at a predetermined vertical depth, means for radially expanding the seal rings so as to cause sealing engagement with the casing and mandrel, and ratchet means for maintaining the seal rings in expanded form. The packer is adapted to be run into the cased wellbore on tubing and is particularly useful in sour gas wells.

Abstract: A method of forming a gravel pack in a wellbore is disclosed which involves disposing a pipe adjacent the incompetent formation, depositing gravel around the pipe, consolidating the resulting gravel bed using a suitable resinous material, and removing the pipe to leave a high permeability, high strength, self-supporting annular gravel sheath.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recovering hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation. A wellbore is drilled to penetrate the formation and to extend, preferably substantially horizontally, into the formation for a suitable distance. The well is completed with a slotted or perforated casing means and with dual concentric tubing strings. The tubing strings comprise an inner tubing and a surrounding larger diameter outer tubing. The inner tubing cooperates with the outer tubing to form a first annular space and the outer tubing cooperates with the casing means to form a second annular space. After the wellbore is suitably completed, a heated fluid is circulated within the casing means such that the heated fluid passes through a portion of the first annular space to heat the well and to provide a fluid flow path through both the first and second annular spaces. After the well is suitably heated, a heated fluid is injected into the formation through at least a portion of the second annular space.

Abstract: A ball sealer for use as a diverting agent when treating a well having a perforated casing. The ball sealer is sized to plug a perforation and has a density less than the treating fluid. The ball sealer is made of a core material, such as syntactic foam or polymethylpentene, and a covering of a thin layer of an elastomeric material. After some of the treating fluid has been injected into the well, the ball sealers are injected and carried by the fluid flow down to the perforations where they seat and divert the further injection of treating fluid through the remaining open perforations.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering carbonaceous material from a subterranean deposit such as oil shale. A first zone of the subterranean deposit is heated to liquefy and vaporize carbonaceous materials contained therein. A substantial portion of the carbonaceous materials are removed from this first zone. Thereafter a second zone of the deposit is rubblized such that material of the second zone occupies a portion of the space occupied by the first zone. The second zone is then heated and carbonaceous materials are removed therefrom.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative amounts of two fluid phases in a subterranean formation containing one mobile phase and a substantially immobile phase. A fluid which is substantially free of the immobile phase is injected into the formation by means of a well in an amount such that a portion of the injected fluid in the formation remains unsaturated with the immobile phase. The injected fluid is then preferably produced from the formation by means of the injection well. In another embodiment, the injected fluid is produced from the formation by means of a second well. The concentration of immobile fluid dissolved in the produced fluid is measured to determine the relative amounts of the two fluid phases in the formation.