Abstract: A method for reducing the communication overhead over the interface bus to the memory devices for refresh operations. This is done by refreshing multiple banks in response to a single command. Multibank refresh is made possible by varying the current profile for the row sense and row precharge currents during a refresh operation, as compared to normal memory access. Unlike normal memory accesses, data is not needed, and a fast access time is not required. This allows the current to be spread using different circuitry for driving the current to lessen current spikes. The spread current is still maintained within the timing of a normal memory access.

Abstract: The present invention provides a verifier for use in conjunction with programs utilizing data type specific bytecodes for verifying the proper operation of the executable program prior to actual execution by a host processor. A verifier is provided which includes a virtual stack for temporarily storing stack information which parallels the typical stack operations required during the execution a bytecode program. The verifier also includes a stack snapshot storage structure having a snapshot directory and stack snapshot storage area for storing the state of the virtual stack at various points during program verification so as to assure proper stack manipulations by the source program. A two step source program verification process is provided for in which the source program is initially loaded into the verifier and a first pass source program evaluation is performed.

Abstract: A memory device with multiple clock domains. Separate clocks to different portions of the control circuitry create different clock domains. The different domains are sequentially turned on as needed to limit the power consumed. The turn on time of the domains is overlapped with the latency for the memory access to make the power control transparent to the user accessing the memory core. The memory device can dynamically switch between a fast and a slow clock depending upon the needed data bandwidth. The data bandwidth across the memory interface can be monitored by the memory controller, and when it drops below a certain threshold, a slower clock can be used. The clock speed can be dynamically increased as the bandwidth demand increases.

Abstract: An improved method for accurately and correctly encoding and printing complete checks on blank paper sheets from graphic check images. The method includes inputting into a computer a graphic image of a check. Scanning the graphic image, in computer memory, and identifying the MICR character codes with their locations. Printing said MICR codes with magnetic ink in MICR fonts in a designated “clear band”. Reformatting the scanned graphic image with the MICR images deleted and printing the reformatted graphic image above the “clear band” to provide a negotiable check instrument.

Abstract: Voice messages are stored in both a user's voice mailbox in a voice mail system and an e-mail box in an e-mail system distinct from the voice mail system. When a voice message is stored in a user's voice mailbox in the voice mail system, a corresponding e-mail message is sent to and stored in an e-mail system with the voice message located in an attachment to the e-mail message. Information identifying the voice mail system and the voice mail message are included in a predefined portion of the email message, such as a particular field of the header. At predetermined times the user's voice mailbox and e-mail box are synchronized.

Abstract: A postage printing system enables users to generate postage indicia and print mail pieces at client computers. Upon user determination of a mail piece print failure, a mail metering application on the client computer sends reprint request to an authorizing authority at a remote location. The reprint request includes information identifying an account for printing a postage indicia. A server computer used by the authorizing authority receives the reprint request from a client computer and evaluates the request. When the account is verified and other criteria are satisfied, a reply is sent to the client computer that includes a reprint authorization. Otherwise, a negative reply is sent to the client computer that does not include the reprint authorization. Upon receiving a reprint authorization from the authorizing authority, the client computer prints a replacement mail piece with the postage indicia.

Abstract: A bus system for use with addressable memory has a global bus of uni-directional signal lines. The global bus has a first end and a second end. A master device transmits data to and receives data from the global bus. First and second global bus terminators are coupled to the first and second ends of the global bus, respectively. One or more subsystems are connected in parallel to each other and to the master device via the global bus. Each subsystem includes a local bus, one or more slave devices coupled to the local bus, a write buffer that receives incoming signals from the master device via the global bus and transmits the incoming signals to the one or more slave devices via the local bus, and a read buffer that receives outgoing signals from the one or more slave devices via the local bus and transmits the outgoing signals to the master device via the global bus.

Abstract: A position tracking system for a plurality of mobile tractors and trailers includes an unique electronic identifier for each of a plurality of trailers. For each tractor of a plurality of tractors, the position tracking system includes a navigation system for determining a current position of the tractor, an electronic identifier reader for acquiring the electronic identifier of a trailer coupled to the tractor, and a position-reporting subsystem for reporting to a remote system the current position of the tractor and the electronic identifier of the trailer coupled to the tractor. In addition, the position tracking system includes, at each facility of a plurality of fixed-location facilities, one or more electronic identifier readers for acquiring the electronic identifier of one or more trailers located within the facility, and a trailer-presence reporting subsystem for reporting to the remote system the presence of the one or more trailers located within the facility.

Abstract: A clock signal desired to be transmitted to various components of the electronic system is combined with a noise signal to generate a spread spectrum clock signal which, in turn, is distributed with an associated reference signal to selected components of the system using two-channel communication links. A receiving circuit within each of the selected components recovers the original clock signal from the spread spectrum clock signal and its associated reference signal. In one embodiment, the clock signal is combined with the noise signal in an exclusive-OR logic gate to generate a spread spectrum clock signal which is distributed to receiving components using a first channel. The noise signal is transmitted as the reference signal using the second channel. The two channel signals are combined in an exclusive-OR gate of one or more receiving circuits to recover the clock signal.

Abstract: Bus communications are optimized by adjusting signal characteristics in accordance with one or more topography dependent parameters. In a bus transmitter, a transmit signal characteristic is adjusted in accordance with a topography dependent parameter. A port in the bus transmitter receives the topography dependent parameter for later use by the parameter adjustment circuitry. The parameter adjustment circuitry adjusts a parameter control signal in accordance with the topography dependent parameter, which is coupled to the output driver. Prior to driving an output signal onto a bus, the output driver adjusts the transmit signal characteristic in accordance with the parameter control signal. In a bus receiver, a receive signal characteristic is adjusted in response to a topography dependent parameter. A port associated with the bus receiver receives the topography dependent parameter and stores it in a register.

Abstract: A deterministic routing table includes a set of hash circuits and a CAM. The routing table searches for the longest matching destination address stored in any of the hash circuits and the CAM, if any, and outputs an output pointer associated with that destination address within a fixed predetermined time.

Abstract: An interactive voice response system includes a server and a set of mobile clients. The server and clients include RF transceivers for exchanging messages over an RF channel. Each mobile client includes a microphone, a speaker or headset, a processor and a voice browser. The voice browser interprets voice pages received from the server. Upon receiving a particular voice page from the server, the voice browser outputs via the speaker voice prompts specified by the voice page. A speech recognition engine used by the voice browser converts voice responses from a user into a text response. The voice browser then performs an action based on the text response. The action taken may be to request a new voice page from the server, or to continue to interpret the current voice page.

Abstract: A multi-chip device which includes a plurality of integrated circuit die disposed one over another. Each integrated circuit die includes one or a plurality of bond pads. One or a plurality of conductors are disposed to electrically couple the bond pads of vertically adjacent integrated circuit die. Each conductor is designed, calculated, specified and/or predetermined to have a length so as to behave as a segment in a multi-drop transmission line. The multi-drop transmission line may be terminated at one end or utilized in a flow-through approach. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit die may be horizontally offset with respect to a vertically adjacent integrated circuit die to expose the periphery region. In another embodiment, each integrated circuit die may be stacked and aligned in a vertical column. In this embodiment, a spacer such as a thermally conductive spacer is disposed between each integrated circuit die in the stack.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting embedded applications over a network is disclosed, wherein a user of a computer-controlled network client, such as a remote control device used for controlling a network of computer-controlled home entertainment devices, or a Web browser running on a Web client, can request and receive compound documents that include embedded applications and/or data files that can only be processed (i.e., imaged or played) by handlers that are not resident on the client. In addition to embedded documents, the compound documents that are transmitted over the network can reference flat files (e.g, image, audio, or text files), and other compound documents. Whenever a client receives a compound document, the client determines whether it has access to all of the documents referenced in the compound document and, if not, requests the documents to which it does not have local access.

Abstract: A wavelet transform system and an inverse wavelet transform system are disclosed that respectively implement a wavelet transform and an inverse wavelet transform. Semi-orthogonal standard wavelets are used as the basic wavelets in the wavelet transform and the inverse wavelet transform. As a result, two finite sequences of decomposition coefficients are used for decomposition in the wavelet transform. Furthermore, two finite sequences of reconstruction coefficients that are derived from the two finite sequences of decomposition coefficients are used for reconstruction in the inverse wavelet transform. The finite sequences of decomposition and reconstruction coefficients are not infinite sequences of coefficients that have been truncated. Furthermore, in one embodiment, downsampling is not used in the wavelet transform and upsampling is not used in the inverse wavelet transform.

Abstract: A primary computer system has a database, application programs that modify the local database, and a transaction manager that stores audit records in a local image trail reflecting those application program modifications to the local database. In a remote backup system, a Receiver process receives audit records from the primary system. The audit records include audit update and audit backout records indicating database updates and database backouts generated by transactions executing on the primary system. The Receiver stores the audit update and audit backout records in one or more image trails. For each image trail there is an Updater process that applies to a backup database volume the database updates and backouts indicated by the audit update and audit backout records in the image trail.

Abstract: A system creates an encrypted backup copy of the compressed audio data downloaded onto a portable audio player. When a user loads a portable audio player with audio data from a CD inserted into a computer's CD-ROM drive, the system creates an encrypted copy of the compressed audio data and stores the encrypted copy on the computer's hard disk. The encrypted copy cannot be used without a cryptographic key, but the system discards the cryptographic key once the encrypted copy of the audio data is stored. To extract usable audio data from the encrypted backup copy, it is necessary to re-insert the original CD and regenerate the cryptographic key. Once the cryptographic key is regenerated, the encrypted audio data can be decrypted and re-loaded onto the portable audio player.

Abstract: A backplane apparatus provides board address information for each board inserted in the slots of the backplane, using a single pin in the backplane slot. A unique address for a board in a backplane slot is identified by an analog address signal, which can be communicated on a single line and therefore requires only one pin in the backplane slot or in the device which will read the address information. The analog address signal is a function of a component, such as a resistor or a capacitor, coupled to the address pin in the backplane slot. A predefined characteristic of the component, such as the resistance or the capacitance, is unique for each slot. The component characteristic is converted into a corresponding characteristic of the analog address signal, such as the voltage, current, frequency or the slope of a voltage or current ramp, so that the analog address signal is measurably different for every slot.

Abstract: A system receives a flow of data packets via the link and determines a target bandwidth to be allocated to the flow on the link. In response to the flow, the receiving system transmits data to the sending system. The transmitted data control the sending system such that when the sending system transmits subsequent data packets to the receiving system, such subsequent data packets are transmitted at a rate approximating the target bandwidth allocated to the flow. In one embodiment, the rate at which the transmitted data from the receiving system arrive at the sending system determines the rate at which the sending system transmits the subsequent data packets. The receiving system can control the rate by delaying its response to the sending system according to a calculated delay factor. In another embodiment, the data transmitted from the receiving system to the sending system indicate a maximum amount of data that the receiving system will accept from the sending system in a subsequent data transmission.

Abstract: The instructions in a computer program are converted into a form of weakest precondition so as to produce a verification condition that is to be evaluated by a theorem prover. In generating the weakest precondition, labels are introduced for values of variables at control join points. In two preferred embodiments, the computer program is converted into a set of guarded commands prior to the application of weakest precondition operators. In one embodiment, as part of the process of generating the verification condition, assignment commands that assign values to variables are removed from the program through use of a “dynamic single assumption” technique. In another embodiment, the weakest precondition is expressed in terms of strongest postconditions. In both embodiments, a simplified verification condition is produced in which duplications of sets of instructions following a choice operator is avoided.