Abstract: Photooxidation of cyclohexene or tetralin is effected preferably in the presence of a photosensitizer such as an aliphatic ketone by light of wave length of about 2000 .ANG.-7000 .ANG. to form hydroperoxide, alcohol, and ketone products in good photoconversion yield and selectivity.

Abstract: Abundant low cost low rank coal may now be gasified by partial oxidation or burned in a furnace or boiler. About 30 to 45 parts by wt. of comminuted low rank coal is mixed and reacted in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator with a free-oxygen containing gas and (a) about 1 to 3 parts by wt. of a residual fuel oil, and (b) about 70 to 55 parts by wt. of water. The hot effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the partial oxidation gasifier may be purified to provide a gas stream which will not pollute the environment.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mixture of:a) phenolphthaleins-s-triazines;b) phenolphthalides-s-triazines;c) 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxy phenyl)fluorene -triazines;d) 3,6-dihydroxyspiro[fluorene-9,9-xanthane]-s-triazines;e) 10,10-bis-(4-hydroxyl phenyl)anthrone-s-triazines; andf) 9,9,10,10-tetrakis-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-anthracene -s-triazines.

Abstract: Chlorine and sulfur-free fuel gas substantially comprising H.sub.2 +CO for use as fuel in a gas turbine for the production of mechanical and electrical power and environmentally-safe flue gas is produced by the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbonaceous or solid carbonaceous fuels having chlorine and sulfur-containing impurities, cooling and splitting the raw fuel gas into two streams A and B, separately cooling raw fuel gas stream A by indirect heat exchange with dry N.sub.2 gas while separately cooling the stream of raw fuel gas B by indirect heat exchange with the product stream of clean chlorine and sulfur-free fuel gas. HCl and particulate matter are then removed from raw fuel gas streams A and B; and, after combining raw fuel gas streams A and B together further cooling and removal of sulfur-containing gases takes place. By this process, attack on metal heat exchangers by the corrosive constituents in the raw fuel gas is prevented.

Abstract: Gases such as hydrogen/hydrocarbon may be separated by a separating membrane of a Group VIII noble metal on a deposit of non-noble Group VIII metal which is supported on a porous silver or a porous carbon body.

Abstract: A polyurea elastomer which exhibits a reduced moisture transfer rate is disclosed. The elastomer includes an isocyanate, an amine terminated 1,2-polyoxybutylene diol and a chain extender. The isocyanate is preferably a quasiprepolymer of an isocyanate and a material selected from at least one polyol, a high molecular weight polyoxyalkyleneamine or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A system determines the relative amounts of phases in multiphase flow, typically the liquid (or gas) fraction of a stream in two-phase flow. More particularly, the system quickly and reliably determines the liquid (or gas) fraction of a flowing two-phase stream, such as a process stream commonly found in chemical processing or in petroleum production operations. The system yields accurate results regardless of the exact flow regime under which the two-phase stream is flowing.

Abstract: Gas mixtures such as H.sub.2 /CO.sub.2 may be separated by passage through a filter bed of nanocrystalline ceramic particles on a bed of alumina particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel class of compounds, useful as gasoline detergent additives, which is a polyether hydroxyethylaminoethyl oxalamide represented by the formula ##STR1## where R is a (C.sub.5 -C.sub.25) alkyl group and n is an integer between about 5 and about 20.

Abstract: Hot raw fuel gas is produced by the partial oxidation of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuel or an aqueous slurry of solid carbonaceous fuel with substantially pure oxygen. The raw fuel gas is cleaned, cooled in a plurality of indirect heat exchangers, and purified to produce clean sulfur-free fuel gas. Water is the coolant in one of said indirect heat exchangers and is thereby heated. Dry nitrogen gas is humidified with the warm water and the humidified nitrogen gas is separately introduced into the combustor of a combustion turbine. The clean sulfur-free fuel gas is passed in indirect heat exchange with the raw fuel gas, expanded to reduce its temperature and pressure, and separately introduced into the combustor where it is burned with air while in the presence of the water humidified nitrogen gas. Flue gas containing water humidified nitrogen gas and a substantially reduced amount of NO.sub.x gases is produced and passed through a power-producing expansion turbine as the working fluid.

Abstract: A charge containing dewaxed oil/dewaxing solvent may be treated to effect separation of components by a thermally cross-linked hydrocarbon-derived elastomer membrane, typified by polybutadiene.

Abstract: A process for the production of petroleum sulfonates from lubricating oil extract fractions wherein a primary extract-solvent mixture, preferably substantially free from water, is cooled to a temperature at least 25.degree. C. below the extraction temperature to form two immiscible liquid phases comprising a secondary extract phase which is richer in aromatic hydrocarbons than the primary extract and a secondary raffinate phase which is poorer in aromatics than the primary extract. The secondary raffinate is sulfonated and the unsulfonated fraction returned to the separations process.The process results in improved yields of petroleum sulfonates with lowered SO.sub.3 consumption and less by-product sludge than conventional processes in which the entire extract fraction is sulfonated.

Abstract: Gaseous sulfur compounds are removed from a sulfur-containing gas mixture by reacting sulfur oxides in the gas mixture with alumina in association with bismuth.The process is particularly useful in fluid catalytic cracking of sulfur-containing petroleum charge stocks wherein sulfur is contained in coke deposited on the fluidized cracking catalyst. By the process of this invention, sulfur oxides may be removed from regenerator off-gases from a fluidized catalytic cracking unit by incorporating particulate alumina impregnated with bismuth in particulate cracking catalyst whereby sulfur oxides generated in the regeneration of the catalyst are reacted with bismuth-impregnated alumina. Sulfur oxides produced during regeneration of the catalyst by burning the coke with air are captured and converted to hydrogen sulfide in the cracking reactor. The hydrogen sulfide so produced is readily separated from petroleum products of the catalytic cracking reaction process.

Abstract: A process for the substantially complete recovery of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent from the raffinate and extract products of solvent refining of a petroleum base lubricating oil stock by vaporization of the major portion of the solvent from the product followed by extraction of a minor portion of the solvent with water. The process results in substantially complete removal of solvent from the refined oil and extract products and results in energy savings as compared with conventional processes.

Abstract: A process for solvent extraction of higher aromatic hydrocarbon oils with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is separated from a solvent-extract mix in a series of distillation steps with recirculation of a portion of a partially stripped extract mix from an intermediate distillation step to the extraction step to improve the solvent-oil ratio in the extraction step and conserve energy as compared with conventional processes in which the solvent power of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is moderated by incorporating water in the solvent.

Abstract: A dual solvent refining process for solvent refining petroleum based lubricating oil stocks with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as selective solvent for aromatic oils wherein a highly paraffinic oil having a narrow boiling range approximating the boiling point of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is employed as a backwash solvent. The process of the invention results in an increased yield of refined lubricating oil stock of a predetermined quality and simplifies separation of the solvents from the extract and raffinate oil fractions.

Abstract: A solvent refining process utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which primary extract from the extraction zone is cooled to form a secondary raffinate and secondary extract and the secondary and primary raffinates are blended to produce an increased yield of product of desired quality. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the lubricating oil feedstock to the process is first contacted with a stripping medium previously used in the process for the recovery of solvent from at least one of the product streams whereby solvent contained in said stripping medium is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: An improved method for controlling the fluidized dense catalyst phase temperature in the regeneration zone of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. In this method, the level of the fluidized catalyst bed above the riser discharge in the reaction vessel is adjusted in response to a change detected in the temperature of the fluidized dense catalyst phase of the regeneration zone. Adjustment of the catalyst bed level in the reaction zone affects the coke laydown on the catalyst in the reactor and, consequently, the amount of heat liberated in the regeneration zone upon combustion of the coke contained in the partially deactivated catalyst. A reactor bed level is attained where the resulting coke laydown on the catalyst is sufficient to maintain the desired temperature in the fluidized dense catalyst phase.

Abstract: Lubricating oils suitable for use in refrigeration equipment in admixture with fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants are produced by solvent extraction of naphthenic lubricating oil base stocks, cooling the resulting extract mixture, optionally with the addition of a solvent modifier, to form a secondary raffinate and a secondary extract, and recovering a dewaxed oil fraction of lowered pour point from the secondary raffinate as a refrigeration oil product.The process of the invention obviates the need for a separate dewaxing operation, such as dewaxing with urea, as conventionally employed for the production of refrigeration oils.

Abstract: 4-nitroisoxazoles are prepared by reacting an alpha-nitroketone with a hydroximyl halide in the presence of a tertiary amine.