Abstract: A nontoxic antifouling system is provided at ambient conditions on a subste which has a solid release layer bonded to a solid bonding layer which in turn is bonded to said substrate. The release layer has excellent release property and is bonded to the bonding layer. The bonding layer contains a component which is believed to react with the same or a similar component in the release layer to enhance the desired bond therebetween. The bonding layer is tougher than the release layer but its release property is inferior to that of the release layer.

Abstract: Oxidation resistant particles composed of copper and at least one metal having a valence of +2 or +3 and having an intermediate lattice energy for the metal in its hydroxide form. The metal is selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, cadmium, zinc, tin, magnesium, calcium and chromium. In one embodiment, the phases of copper and at least one metal in the particles are separate and the concentration of the metal is greater near the surface of the particles than inwardly thereof. Process for making the oxidation resistant copper particles includes the steps of dissolving a copper salt and a salt of at least one of the metals in a suitable solvent or diluent; forming primary particles of copper and at least one metal in basic form by mixing a base and the salt solution; separating, washing and drying the primary particles; reducing the primary particles to metallic form; and heat treating the particles in metallic form at an elevated temperature.