Abstract: Alkylated citric acid derivatives obtained as a reaction product of citric acid and an alkyl alcohol or an amine have been found to be effective antiwear and friction modifying additives for fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: A combination of Mannich type reaction products of ethoxylated alkylated phenol, and alkylated arylamine possess excellent antioxidant properties. The presence of alkylated phenol in the structure is believed to provide a synergistic antioxidant activity with the aromatic amine. Presence of the alkylated aromatic moiety is believed to provide enhanced lubricant solubility compared to unalkylated diphenylamine type antioxidants. Application of these synergistic mixtures of additives and synthetic base stocks in premium automotive and industrial lubricants will significantly enhance stability and extend service life.

Abstract: A method where gaseous carbon dioxide is used to provide gas lift of a thinned oil. Carbon dioxide is injected in intermittent slugs via an injection tubing that terminates in a productive interval of a formation. Carbon dioxide mixes with thinned oil in the productive interval thereby increasing gas lift and facilitating production of the oil to the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multilayer coextruded thermoplastic stretch wrap films useful for the packaging or palletizing of goods. More particularly the films of this invention comprise at least three layers having two outer layers and at least one intermediate layer placed between the outer layers. The intermediate layer includes a low melt index linear low density copolymer of ethylene and a minor amount of at least one alpha olefin having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, the low melt index linear low density copolymer having a melt index of between about 0.5 to about 2.5. At least one of the two outer layers includes a high melt index linear low density copolymer of ethylene and a minor amount of at least one alpha olefin having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, the high melt index linear low density copolymer having a melt index of greater than about 2.5, the high melt index linear low density copolymer containing from about 3.5 to about 15 weight percent n-hexane extractibles.

Abstract: A method of completing a well which includes the installion of a gravel pack completion adjacent a formation in the well. A fluid-loss agent is flowed into the well to form a barrier to flow into and/out of the formation prior to the installation of the gravel pack. A screen is then lowered into the well and is positioned adjacent the formation. A gravel slurry which includes a removal agent is flowed into the well to deposit gravel. The removal agent contacts and dissolves or disintegrates the flow barrier to thereby open flow to the formation during the placement of the gravel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gravel packing wherein a gravel slurry is distributed to different points of a wellbore annulus from a internal passage within the apparatus thereby protecting the passage from damage during operation. The apparatus is comprised of a plurality of gravel screen units which are connected together at the lower end of a workstring. Each gravelscreen unit is comprised of a gravel screen and a valve-outlet assembly which, in turn, is comprised of a collar having an outlet and a valve for opening and closing the outlet. A washpipe is positioned within the workstring and provides a passage for delivering the slurry internally to the outlets in each of the valve-outlet assemblies. The valves are closed when the washpipe is removed.

Abstract: A process for acidizing a formation where variable density acids are utilized. A substantially low density non-reactive fluid is loaded into an interval of the formation to be treated. Afterwards, a high density first stage acid is injected into the interval. Thereafter, a low density spacer fluid is injected into the interval being treated. Next, a second stage high density acid having a density lower than the first stage acid is injected into said interval. Subsequently, a low density spacer is injected into the interval. Volume increments are repeatedly injected with decreasing fluid densities until a desired zone has been treated. The entire treatment is then overflushed with an inert high density fluid.

Abstract: A method for enhanced oil recovery in a reservoir having a substantial silicon content where an organosilicone surfactant is co-injected with steam to generate a foam. The organosilicone surfactant component of the foam prevents a dissolution of the silicon-containing formation since local equilibrium is assured. Prevention of formation dissolution reduces caving near the wellbore and minimizes permeability reduction away from the wellbore.

Abstract: Two spaced apart zones of a carbonate containing formation are simultaneously acid fractured. A lower density fracturing acid is injected into an upper zone of the formation via an annulus of a perforated wellbore communicating with the upper zone thereby causing a fracture to propagate. Simultaneously therewith, a higher density fracturing acid is injected into a lower spaced apart zone via a tube within the wellbore which fluidly communicates with the lower zone thereby causing simultaneously the propagation of a second fracture. Neither fracture contacts the other although complete fracture growth and zonal acidizing is obtained.

Abstract: A container constituted of a microwave transparent material for the heating or cooking of foods or comestibles through the intermediary of microwaves at a high degree of efficiency and with an enhanced temperature uniformity.

Abstract: A well completion process for improved cement placement in a horizontal wellbore where a fluid is circulated down the wellbore for conditioning and cleaning it. Afterwards, a production tube containing centralizers is positioned centrally within the wellbore. Next, a "spacer fluid" is circulated within an annulus formed by the space between the tube and the wellbore so as to clean the annulus out. Subsequently, a cement having a density greater than the spacer fluid is pumped into the annulus. Thereafter, a light weight cement is pumped into the annulus thereby overriding the heavier cement and removing voids in the annulus resulting in more efficient cement placement.

Abstract: A synthetic oil for the cooking and frying of foods which includes a hydrogenated oligomer of an alpha olefin having to 20 carbon atoms. The synthetic oil of the present invention is not readily digestible in mammals and provides a non-toxic, safe low-caloric, low-metabolic fat content substitute for vegetable oils.

Abstract: A process to temporarily seal an upper zone of higher permeability. Coiled tubing is used to cover a zone of lower permeability with a gel block containing rock salt. A lower density, more stable, slower yielding gel block having a gel breaker is squeezed into the upper zone. The well is shut-in and the low density gel plug becomes rigid. Water is then circulated down the coiled tubing to dissolve the high density gel block out of the wellbore and re-open lower perforations which allows the low permeability interval to be treated.

Abstract: A process where massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) is used in combination with a novel horizontal and vertical well drilling scheme. The novel well drilling scheme provides the cost benefits of vertical drilling along with the increased pay zone contact of extended-reach drilling. MHF additionally provides for substantially enhanced reservoir drainage.

Abstract: A method for treating a formation having zones of varying permeabilities to improve the sweep efficiency of a drive fluid through the formation. At least one radial, relative horizontal bore is formed from a relative vertical wellbore and extends outward into a high-permeability zone of said formation. A gelant is injected into said formation through the radial bore(s) and flows into the higher-permeability zones of the formation. After the gelant is in place, the wellbore is shut-in to allow the gelant to set to form a flow-blocking gel in the treated zones of formation. Secondary recovery operations are then resumed and the drive fluid (e.g. water) will now flow through the previously unswept (i.e. less-permeable zones) of the formation.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reservoir within a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore is simultaneously fractured within an upper zone with a lower density acid and within a lower zone with a higher density acid. As the fracturing propagates through the reservoir, the lower portion of the fracture within the upper zone of the reservoir intersects with the upper portion of the fracture within the lower zone of the reservoir. The lower density acid remains within the upper zone of the reservoir propagating the fracture therein while the higher density acid remains within the lower zone of the reservoir propagating the fracture therein.

Abstract: A method for improved matrix acidizing of a sandstone formation containing a perforated well. Initially, a "pre-pad" and a temperature stable viscous gel pad are pumped into the formation via said well at injection pressures greater than 5 BPM while monitoring surface pressures. Next, an acid suitable for acidizing the formation is pumped into the formation while the injection pressure is maintained. Thereafter, additional stages of viscous pad and acid are pumped into the formation to ensure zonal coverage and acid-stimulation.

Abstract: A plastic reclosable fastener or zipper with slider detent lock for locking the slider in closed position on plastic-film bags and the like is disclosed. The slider includes two spring-loaded detent elements located on opposite sides of the separator finger on the slider. When the slider is at any location other than the fully closed position at the end of the fastener, the spring-loaded detent elements ride against the outside surfaces of the flanges by which the separator finger opens the fastener. When the slider reaches the location at the end of the fastener where portions of the flanges have been removed to provide a notch, the spring-loaded detent elements spring inward against the sides of the separator finger. There they resist an attempt to move the slider in an opening direction because this requires that they be forced outward over the flanges of the zipper.

Abstract: A plastic reclosable fastener with slider for opening and closing the reclosable fastener on plastic-film bags and the like is disclosed. The plastic reclosable fastener and slider include a provision for restraining the slider in closed position and thereby maintaining the male and female elements of the fastener in interlocking relation to avoid inadvertent opening of the elements of the fastener when the slider reaches the fully closed position at the end of its travel along the fastener. The ends of the flanges of the fastener that are created by the slider-restraining notch are provided with diverging structure to facilitate re-entry of the slider separator structure between the flanges when the slider is moved toward the opposite end of the fastener to open the male and female elements of the fastener.