Abstract: Process for the plasticization and pumping of low bulk density synthetic thermoplastic materials through extrusion die means employing a mixer type extruder, the extrudate from said extruder is passed through a rotary melt pump and the molten material is discharged therefrom through a die member.

Abstract: The specific energy input required to finish resin particles is considerably reduced when the resin particles are passed through a continuous finisher wherein the volume utilization of the finisher is between about 40 volume percent and about 95 volume percent, the tip velocity is between about 500 and 800 inches per second and the superficial mixing intensity exceeds about 0.7 kilowatts per liter.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for testing thermoplastic material comprising: passing as a stream a fractional, continuous, molten and flowable sample of the material to and successively through each of either a controllable pumping zone maintained at constant temperature and pressure or controllable pressure zone maintained at constant flow rate and temperature, and a die zone to form a continuous strand of the material; measuring the viscosity of the material in the pumping and die zones; providing a measurement of elasticity by obtaining a measurement of percentage of cross-section area swell in the strand in passage from the die zone over a constant length distance downstream of a point of strand marking to a point of strand marking to a point of mark sensing; and combining the viscosity measurement with the elasticity measurement to provide fuller rheological characterization data for the material.

Abstract: Regenerative process for the purification of a non-reacting industrial gas stream by removal of trace amounts of carbon dioxide therefrom, comprising contacting said gas stream with non-aqueous liquid solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of: (a) hydroxides and weak acid salts of sodium, potassium, and lithium and (b) specific liquid aliphatic polyhydric alcohol; separating the purified industrial gas from the reaction products of said contacting step including said solution; increasing said reaction products stream to an elevated temperature up to 200.degree. C.; reducing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the vapor phase above said reaction product stream; separating carbon dioxide from said reaction product stream; and recycling the treated reaction product stream to said liquid body of said solution for contacting a further quantity of said industrial gas stream.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring viability of a waste treatment basin biomass contained in a waste basin mixed liquor comprising measuring the rate of oxygen uptake in a first sample of said waste basin liquor; measuring the rate of oxygen uptake in a mixture of a second sample of said waste basin liquor and a sample of synthetic petrochemical reference liquid; subtracting to determine the differential of said rates; and effecting, by predetermined correlation with differential oxygen uptake rate, a determination of the viability of said biomass based on said differential oxygen uptake rate for said waste basin liquor.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the extrusion of low-density linear polyolefin materials having high viscosities, wherein such materials are continuously fed to and through a rotary extruder having feeding, transition and metering sections which comprises employing, in the extruder screw forming such sections in cooperation with the cylindrical interior of the extruder housing, opened leading edges for the screw flights of said sections; and gall-resistant coated surfaces on the screw flights of said sections.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for heat carrier generation for the advanced cracking reaction process comprising separately preheating an oxidant stream; joining a fuel stream and at least a portion of the process steam stream to form a stream having a steam-to-fuel ration between 0.1-10; preheating the joined stream; reforming said joined stream at a temperature up to 1000.degree. C. in the presence of a reforming catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from the metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements on an inert support; separately preheating any remainder of the process steam; and mixing said preheated oxidant, joint and steam streams to burn in admixture in a combustion zone to provide a hot gaseous combustion products stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the purification of an inert or non-reacting gas such as lower mono-olefins by the removal of trace amounts of reacting impurities such as carbon dioxide therefrom, comprising passing said gas through an essentially non-aqueous liquid solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides and/or weak acid salts and certain selected liquid polyhydric alcohols.

Abstract: A long chain macro-molecule synthetic fuel derived by distillation-linking methanol, butanol and a kerosene type oil with a colloid stabilizer. The synthetic fuel, when mixed with conventional fuels, substantially reduces the generation of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrous oxides as combustion products.

Abstract: Ultra-fine fibers, having an average diameter typically in the range of 0.1 to 5 micrometers, are provided which are capable of being dispersed in a liquid medium, such as a freeze dry liquid, to form a free-flowing, non-agglomerating slurry which may be employed to coat a substrate, as to provide an intimal lining for a circulatory assist device. Such ultra-fine fibers are prepared by immobilizing longer fibers in a medium, such as ice, and thereafter shearing the medium with the longer fibers embedded therein at a rate and for a time sufficient to comminute the fibers into appropriately short lengths.

Abstract: Improved process and apparatus is disclosed for the recovery of acetylene from gas containing acetylene and ethylene comprising: contacting said gas with acetylene solvent to form a loaded solvent solution; heating said loaded solvent solution by passing through a first stream conduit of a heat exchange zone having a plurality of non-interconnecting stream conduits in heat exchange thermal contact; separating the resulting liquid/vapor into liquid and vapor phases; passing said liquid phase to a second stream conduit of said heat exchange zone passage to a downstream further acetylene separation purification step; and cooling warm denuded acetylene solvent by passage through a third stream conduit of said heat exchange zone and then further cooling before passage to said acetylene solvent contacting zone.

Abstract: Valve packing system comprising a compacted body of expanded graphite material having an apparent bulk density 1.6 to 2.0 times its apparent bulk density prior to compaction and positioned in stuffing box with zero clearance between each of valve stem and said stuffing box, and a pair of flat carbon guide rings retaining said compacted body and machined to close internal clearance with said valve stem and close external clearance with the internal walls of said stuffing box.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for molding a foamed thermoplastic article characterized by a foamed core, a non-foamed exterior shell and a surface that reproducibly and faithfully replicates a predetermined portion of the inner surface of the mold in which the article is made, wherein a foamable mixture comprising molten thermoplastic material and blowing agent is introduced through a nozzle into a mold cavity defined by said inner surface of said mold and expands and is rigidified while in said mold cavity.

Abstract: Ethane is catalytically oxydehydrogenated to ethylene in a gas phase reaction, in the presence or absence of water, at temperatures of .ltoreq.550.degree. C. using a catalyst comprising oxides of the elementsMo.sub.a X.sub.b Y.sub.cwhereinX=Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V and/or W,Y=Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl and/or U,a=1,b=0 to 2,c=0 to 2,with the proviso that the total value of c for Co, Ni and and/or Fe is <0.5.Acetic acid is also produced.

Abstract: Process is disclosed wherein plastic material is passed into a mold cavity; pressurizing fluid is injected into the plastic material under controlled pressure and at a controlled rate to cause the plastic material to flow out and assume the contour of the cavity, the gas pressure being maintained until the plastic material is self-supporting. The resulting article has an outer skin and a generally hollow center containing skin-connecting structural "webs".

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing pitches of high quality in a high yield by subjecting selected crude oil to adiabatic thermal and steam cracking process at a temperature between 700.degree. C. and 1000.degree. C. to produce gases containing ethylene, propylene and the like and a tar pitch having an ethylene-to-acetylene ratio above 5; adjusting the pitch content of the tar pitch in the range between 20 and 80 wt % (if this content is outside this specified range); heat-treating at a temperature between about 450.degree. C. and about 550.degree. C. under a pressure between about 50 and about 150 kg/cm.sup.2 (G) for about 1 to 15 minutes, and subsequently heat-soaking at a temperature between about 350.degree. and about 450.degree. C. under a pressure between about 0.5 and about 10 kg/cm.sup.2 (G) for about 15 minutes to 10 hours.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of molded tubular structural web articles of thermoplastic material comprising the steps: passing molten plastic material into a tubular mold cavity to fill a substantial portion of said cavity; injecting a low viscosity pressurizing fluid into said material in said mold cavity; coordinating the fluid flow rate, pressure, temperature and plastic material volume so that the pressurizing fluid divides into at least two streams on entering said material without causing the low viscosity pressurizing fluid to break through said material flow front so that, when pairs of melt fronts merge, a molded tubular structural web article is formed having a solid web at each point of merger; and maintaining a positive pressure in the mold cavity after pressurizing until said tubular article is self-supporting. The resulting tubular structural web articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of injection molded thermoplastic articles having reduced combustibility comprising: maintaining a mold cavity at a pre-selected back pressure sufficiently high to substantially prevent foaming of a thermoplastic melt to be injected therein; injecting thermoplastic melt into said mold cavity under a pressure in excess of said back pressure to fill said mold cavity; said thermoplastic melt containing from about 50 to 70% by weight of alumina trihydrate and from about 1 to 12% by weight of water as a liquid processing aid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of ethylene or propylene from a purified, multi-component gas stream produced from the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and containing ethylene or propylene and other low molecular weight components comprising the steps of: introducing said multi-component gas stream into an aqueous silver salt solution stream to effect the absorption and/or complexing of said contained ethylene or propylene and reaction of trace acetylenes with the silver metal ions of such solution; venting of the silver salt solution stream at reduced pressure to remove the dissolved other low molecular weight components; treating the resulting silver salt solution stream to separate the absorbed and/or complexed ethylene or propylene from the silver salt stream; further treating the resultant silver salt solution stream to release the contained trace acetylenes therefrom and provide an aqueous silver salt stream; and recycling said aqueous silver salt stream to said introducing step.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for the production of cellular thermoplastic material comprising an extruder having a hollow barrel, screw means mounted in said barrel to advance material therethrough, mixer head means mounted in said barrel and gaseous blowing agent inlet means positioned in said barrel near the upstream end of said mixer head means, said mixer head means having in the surface thereof a plurality of alternate land and groove means, said land means having close clearance with the internal walls of said barrel near the upstream end thereof in the region of said blowing agent inlet means and alternately spaced and close clearance with said walls in the mixing region downstream of said blowing agent inlet means.