Abstract: Method of inhibiting metal diffusion arising from laser dicing is provided. The method includes dividing a wafer into at least one chip. The chip includes internal metallic features. The dividing deposits at least one metallic substance on the outer surface of the chip. After so dividing the chip, the method exposes the chip to a heated ambient environment having a given pressure (e.g., less than one atmosphere). The environment includes a chemical agent capable of bonding with the metallic substance. Additionally, wet chemical etch may be performed on the chip.

Abstract: Disclosed are non-volatile memory devices that incorporate a series of single or double memory cells. The single memory cells are essentially “U” shaped. The double memory cells comprise two essentially “U” shaped memory cells. Each memory cell comprises a memory element having a bi-stable layer sandwiched between two conductive layers. A temporary conductor may be applied to a series of cells and used to bulk condition the bi-stable layers of the cells. Also, due to the “U” shape of the cells, a cross point wire array may be used to connect a series of cells. The cross point wire array allows the memory elements of each cell to be individually identified and addressed for storing information and also allows for the information stored in the memory elements in all of the cells in the series to be simultaneously erased using a block erase process.

Abstract: A system and method determine the possibility of adverse effect arising from a code change in a computer program. The system and method comprise the steps of identifying important classes within a computer program and determining directly and indirectly dependent classes of the important classes. The important classes comprise superclasses of the directly and indirectly dependent classes. The method associates test cases with the important classes and with the directly and indirectly dependent classes. Additionally, for a given code change to first important class, the method runs all test cases associated with the first important class and associated with dependent classes of the first important class, and indicates the possibility of an adverse effect if any run test case fails.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and computer programs provided for metering and accounting in a commercial e-services infrastructure address the requirement for handling composite services in which higher-level services are built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be autonomously owned and operated. Metering records for each service underlying a composite service are correlated by a process associated with the composite service, and then sent to an accounting service where they can be aggregated. The correlation is performed in a distributed manner with correlated usage data provided on a per-request basis. Accounting services can take account of the usage and charges associated with the underlying services to provide accounting and billing on a per-request basis or per customer-provider pair for a billing period.

Abstract: A method of searching that comprises receiving a user query from a user. After receiving the user query, the method performs a search based on the user query to produce results that are ranked. The results comprise references to entities. The method contacts the entities to determine whether entities in the results desire to change their rank in the results, and charges entities that increase their rank. After charging the entities and changing rankings of the results, the method reports the results with changed rankings to the user, and credits entities that decrease their rank.

Abstract: A method determines production starts in a manufacturing environment by inputting production starts. The method groups the production starts into production lots according to grouping rules and assigns start dates and associated priorities to each of the production lots based on business priorities. Each production start date of a production lot can have a different priority. The method sorts the production lots according to the associated priorities and the start dates. Then the method capacitates the production lots by iterating through the production lots to assign production capacity to the production lots in order of the associated priorities and the start dates.

Abstract: A method organizes semi-structured data into a taxonomy, based on Tag-Separated (TS) clustering. The method comprises retrieving documents including the semi-structured data. The semi-structured data comprises structured data including structured data fields and tags, and unstructured data. The method selects a structured attribute type including any of a categorical attribute, a numerical attribute, and a tag associated with annotated text, and an unstructured attribute type including a text attribute. The method clusters the semi-structured data from the retrieved documents into a plurality of clusters based on the selected structured attribute type and the selected unstructured attribute type. For a categorical attribute, each category corresponds to a single cluster. For a numerical attribute, a clustering algorithm clusters numerical data projected onto a range of the numerical attribute.

Abstract: A visual method for enhancing search result navigation, comprising: obtaining a first search result from a search engine; clustering the first search result to get clustering information; calculating the correlations between the clustering information and the ranked list of the first search result, and performing visualization processing on the clustering information; and displaying the visual cluster hierarchy and the ranked list of the first search result in a joint manner based on the correlations. When a cluster is selected, further searching is performed and the search result is clustered again. Using the present invention, through combining a traditional ranked list of search results and the visual cluster hierarchy of these search results to display them in a joint manner, a convenient way is provided for the web user to find the potential correlations between the visual cluster hierarchy and the ranked list of the search results.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure with two different type tri-gate MOSFETs formed on the same substrate. Each MOSFET comprises a fin with optimal mobility for the particular type of MOSFET. Due to the processes used to form fins with different crystalline orientations on the same substrate, one of the MOSFETs has a fin with a lower mobility top surface. To inhibit inversion of the top surface, this MOSFET has a gate dielectric layer with a thicker region on the top surface than it does on the opposing sidewall surfaces. Additionally, several techniques for forming the thicker region of the gate dielectric layer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for data redundancy, wherein method comprises storing an object in an object storage device, storing a duplicate of the object in a second object storage device, converting the object into any of a grouped object Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) layout and an individual RAID layout upon growth of the object, and discarding the duplicate object. The step of converting further comprises determining which of the grouped object RAID or individual RAID layout to convert the object into based on a size of the object being converted. Moreover, the step of converting into a grouped object RAID layout further comprises selecting a group based on whether the group comprises other objects similarly sized to the object, wherein the similarly sized objects comprise variably sized objects.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit structure that has a substrate having at least two types of crystalline orientations. The first-type transistors are on first portions of the substrate that have a first type of crystalline orientation and second-type transistors are on second portions of the substrate that have a second type of crystalline orientation. The straining layer is above the first-type transistors and the second-type transistors. Further, the straining layer can be strained above the first-type transistors and relaxed above the second-type transistors.

Abstract: A technique for determining when to destage write data from a fast, NVS of a computer system from an upper level to a lower level of storage in the computer system comprises adaptively varying a destage rate of the NVS according to a current storage occupancy of the NVS; maintaining a high threshold level for the NVS; maintaining a low threshold level that is set to be a predetermined fixed amount below the high threshold; setting the destage rate of the NVS to zero when the NVS occupancy is below the low threshold; setting the destage rate of the NVS to be maximum when the NVS occupancy is above the high threshold; linearly increasing the destage rate of the NVS from zero to maximum as the NVS occupancy goes from the low to the high threshold; and adaptively varying the high threshold in response to a dynamic computer storage workload.

Abstract: A method forms a node dielectric in a bottle shaped trench and then deposits an initial conductor within the lower portion of the bottle shaped trench, such that a void is formed within the initial conductor. Next, the method forms an insulating collar in the upper portion of the bottle shaped trench above the initial conductor. Then, the method simultaneously etches a center portion of the insulating collar and the initial conductor until the void is exposed. This etching process forms a center opening within the insulating collar and the initial conductor. Additional conductor is deposited in the center opening such that the additional conductor is formed at least to the level of the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and structure for an improved shallow trench isolation (STI) structure for a semiconductor device. The STI structure incorporates an oxynitride top layer of the STI fill. Optionally, the STI structure incorporates an oxynitride margin of the STI fill adjacent the silicon trench walls. A region of the oxynitride margin near the upper edges of the silicon trench walls includes oxynitride corners that are relatively thicker and contain a higher concentration of nitrogen as compared to the other regions of the oxynitride margin. The oxynitride features limit the STI fill height loss and also reduce the formation of divots in the STI fill below the level of the silicon substrate cause by hydrofluoric acid etching and other fabrication processes. Limiting STI fill height loss and the formation of divots improves the functions of the STI structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments that provide near real-time monitoring of a control application in a manufacturing environment to detect and determine the root cause of faults within the control application. The embodiments monitor the flow of data within the control application during events (i.e., transactions, stages, process steps, etc.). By comparing a dataflow path for a near real-time event with historical dataflow path records, dataflow interruptions (i.e., fails) within the control application can be detected. By determining the location of such a dataflow interruption, the root cause of the control application fail can be determined. Additionally, the invention can generate summary reports indicating the status of the control application. These summary reports can further be generated with drill downs to provide a user with direct access to the records upon which the reports were based.

Abstract: A method and structure for an improved shallow trench isolation (STI) structure for a semiconductor device. The STI structure incorporates an oxynitride top layer of the STI fill. Optionally, the STI structure incorporates an oxynitride margin of the STI fill adjacent the silicon trench walls. A region of the oxynitride margin near the upper edges of the silicon trench walls includes oxynitride corners that are relatively thicker and contain a higher concentration of nitrogen as compared to the other regions of the oxynitride margin. The oxynitride features limit the STI fill height loss and also reduce the formation of divots in the STI fill below the level of the silicon substrate cause by hydrofluoric acid etching and other fabrication processes. Limiting STI fill height loss and the formation of divots improves the functions of the STI structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CNT technology that overcomes the intrinsic ambipolar properties of CNTFETs. One embodiment of the invention provides either a stable p-type CNTFET or a stable n-type CNTFET. Another embodiment of the invention provides a complementary CNT device. In order to overcome the ambipolar properties of a CNTFET, source/drain gates are introduced below the CNT opposite the source/drain electrodes. These source/drain gates are used to apply either a positive or negative voltage to the ends of the CNT so as to configure the corresponding FET as either an n-type or p-type CNTFET, respectively. Two adjacent CNTFETs, configured such that one is an n-type CNTFET and the other is a p-type CNTFET, can be incorporated into a complementary CNT device. In order to independently adjust threshold voltage of an individual CNTFET, a back gate can also be introduced below the CNT and, particularly, below the channel region of the CNT opposite the front gate.

Abstract: A method for generating a BPEL4WS executable workflow code from an unstructured cyclic business process model. The method inputs a graphical representation of the business process model using a graphical modeling language. The graphical representation comprises activities, decisions and an unstructured cycle including more than one entry or more than one exit to an activity or a decision. The method assigns continuation semantics to the graphical representation which comprises partitioning the activities and the decisions of the graphical representation into the past, present, and future. The method assigns a continuation variable to a start and an end of the graphical representation and assigns a continuation variable to each activity and each decision that has more than one incoming link or more than one outgoing link.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method for architecting a delay locked loop clock signal comprising: providing at least one clock signal to a clock signal splitter; alternately outputting the at least one clock signal from the clock signal splitter on at least two matched delay lines; alternately propagating the clock signal down each of the at least two matched delay lines; specifying a delay period for each of the matched delay lines with a control signal; updating said the two matched delay lines with the control signal when a fixed update window is always present on the matched delay lines; and distributing the clock signal to synchronously update the at least two matched delay lines, wherein no transitions are present in the fixed update window on the matched delay lines. Collect clock pulse outputs from the delay lines and reconstruct a delayed version of the input clock.

Abstract: The importance of semantic web resources is determined. Some resources are classes (of the type RDFS:Class); others are non-class resources. Non-class resources belong to one or more classes while class resources are subclasses of one or more parent classes. A subjectivity score is determined for each resource of a set of resources based on the number of Resource Description Format (RDF) triples of which the resource is the subject and predefined weights of properties of the triples. An objectivity score is determined for each resource based on the number of RDF triples of which the resource is the object and predefined weights of the properties of the triples. The importance of a class is determined from the respective subjectivity score and objectivity score, and a factor relating to the importance of the class's parents.