Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar system uses RF bandwidth and Doppler beam sharpening principles to develop fine altitude and along-track resolutions. To achieve accurate cross-track position measurements the system and method exploit a combination of modes based on a novel antenna pattern combination. The unique arrangement of the antenna patterns allows the radar to process terrain elevation measurements in three independent modes, namely, time-delay response (TDR), amplitude monopulse (AM) and phase monopulse (PM). The additional modes address the interfering scatter problem and the calibration issues required for practical and cost effective operation. The approach also maximizes the number of terrain measurements made per look, thereby reducing the impact of errors and noise through averaging and “voting” (i.e., the comparison of measurements and discarding of “outliers”).

Abstract: A spectroscopic method, preferably Raman scattering, is used to rapidly determine the general health or stress status of living plants and plant products, including agricultural crops, forests, and harvested fruits and vegetables. In the preferred embodiments, carotenoid levels are used to provide an indication of oxidative deterioration. Based upon the results of the analysis, further action may or may not be taken, for example, in terms of choosing, picking, harvesting or sorting the agricultural product in accordance with the carotenoid level. Concentration levels of an analyte substance can be determined relative to an external standard, to each other, or relative to another substance in the item being analyzed.

Abstract: Improved actuators and valve control systems, and methods for controlling actuators and/or engine valves, are disclosed. In addition to the inherent capability of timing control, the ability to provide continuous valve lift or stroke control greatly improves engine achieve fuel economy, emission and performance. The power-off state of the actuator is at the minimum stroke, from which an easy start-up can be directly executed. The minimum stroke is also very beneficial to achieve efficient low load operation. Even with continuous lift variation, the present invention is able to keep the spring force neutral or zero point in the center of a stroke, thus maintaining an efficient scheme of energy conversion and recovery through the pendulum action. When in compression braking or other high engine cylinder air pressure working mode, the invention is able to supply necessary force to open the engine valve.

Abstract: A container for gasoline for use in a two-cycle engine has indentations formed on its four sides so that when viewed from any of the four sides it presents the appearance of the Arabic numeral two, indicating that it is for use with two-cycle engine fuel. The container includes a recess in one of its sidewalls for receiving a smaller container for oil for mixing with the gasoline before insertion in the engine. The oil container may be similarly contoured to give the appearance of the Arabic numeral two.

Abstract: An artificial disc replacement (ADR) includes a pair of opposing endplate components, each attached to one of the upper and lower vertebrae, a cushioning component disposed between the endplate components; and a filler material contained within the cushioning component. The filler material may be a gas, liquid, foam, or gel, including a hydrogel. In a preferred embodiment, the ADR may further include one or more opposing, spaced-apart projections configured to impinge if the endplate components are subjected to an excessive force. Such projections may allow for unrestricted motion between the endplates until impingement, or may restrict translation between the endplates until a greater excessive force is reached. One or both of the endplate components may include a modified surface to increase adherence to the respective vertebral endplates.

Abstract: An Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR) includes a body and/or outer wall that is fortified, reinforced, stiffened or otherwise strengthened with a higher durometer, for example, where it rests against a weakened or deficient area of the annulus fibrosis (AF). The “less stiff” portions facilitate the transfer of load to the healthier portion of the AF. A hydrogel or other compressible and/or resilient material may be used within the center of the ADR to selectively transfer the forces to the outer wall. The outer wall may constructed of an elastomer, and may include a radial ply, bias ply, and/or belted construction. Methods of determining a properly sized ADR are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for remote maintenance for a machine. Using an imaging device, such as a digital camera, the customer can transmit images of the machine to an off-site expert and receive real-time information related to the assembly, installation, repair or maintenance of the machine.

Abstract: Actuators, and corresponding methods and systems for controlling such actuators, provide independent lift and timing control with minimum energy consumption. In an exemplary embodiment, an actuation cylinder in a housing defines a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends in first and second directions. An actuation piston in the cylinder, with first and second surfaces, is moveable along the longitudinal axis. First and second actuation springs bias the actuation piston in the first and second directions, respectively. A first fluid space is defined by the first end of the actuation cylinder and the first surface of the actuation piston, and a second fluid space is defined by the second end of the actuation cylinder and the second surface of the actuation piston. A fluid bypass short-circuits the first and second fluid spaces when the actuation piston is not substantially proximate to either the first or second end of the actuation cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for greatly increasing the output voltage or current transformation ratio in an impedance transformation amplifier are disclosed. Broadly, the method takes advantage of multiple, phase-synchronized impedance transformation stages, each of which preferably contributes an equal portion of the eventual output voltage or current.

Abstract: A method for determining the absolute angle of an angle position sensor over a predetermined rotation range and in which the sensor generates a repeating periodic analog signal across the rotation range. The initial position of the sensor is stored in memory when the sensor is in a predetermined initial angular position. Thereafter, the angular position of the sensor within the rotation range is determined as a function of both the sensor output signal and the stored angular position of the sensor. The current position of the sensor is iteratively stored in memory. Additionally, the sensor output is calibrated by dividing the sensor output into a plurality of arc segments across the rotation range. A polynomial curve fit is then applied to each arc segment to determine the calibration for the sensor and this calibration data is subsequently utilized to provide a signal representative of the absolute angle of the position sensor over the rotation range.

Abstract: An assembly and associated method for securing a connector to an electric motor. An elongated bracket has a specified shape and size and is constructed of a spring steel material. A pair of screws secure the bracket at a first end to a supporting location associated with the electric motor. A downwardly projecting portion associated with an intermediate location of the bracket biases the bracket in an angled fashion relative to the motor. An extending location of the bracket is arrayed in offset fashion relative a surface and includes an end-angled tab adapted to receive the connector in securely engaged fashion.

Abstract: An antenna comprises an arrangement of electrically conducting segments, the arrangement including intersection points where two or more electrically conducting segments are in electrical communication. Example antennas include a plurality of capacitors located within some or all of the electrically conducting segments. Capacitance values can be determined using an optimization algorithm to obtain desired values of antenna resonance frequency (or frequencies), bandwidth, and/or radiation pattern, and may be adjusted in order to control an antenna parameter such as beam steering direction.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) signal transmission device (the “device”) is used as a tracked target in a position tracking system (the “system”). In the preferred embodiments, the device's position is determined by analyzing the time difference of arrival of the device's RF signals received at multiple receivers which are part of the system. The device has two antennas spaced a known distance apart and the device alternately transmits on these antennas or can use code-division multiplexing for individual antenna's signal detection. The system detects the position of both antennas at their respective phase center and determines the distance between the two calculated antenna positions. By comparing the calculated distance to actual known distance the system can assess the quality of the calculated positions.

Abstract: A powered seat assembly for reducing end-play of an associated lead screw interconnecting a pivotally secured seat back to a motor gear box. A motor actuates the lead screw through an input to the motor gear box and in order to pivotally readjust the seat back. The seat assembly includes a base plate, the seat back pivotally securing to a forward location of the base plate, the motor gear box securing to a rearward location. A bracket secures to an intermediate location of the base plate, a slot defined in an extending portion of the bracket defining a passage therethrough for the lead screw. A spacer bushing is supported upon the lead screw and adheres against a face of the bracket opposite the pivotally secured seat back.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing system senses the presence of an object proximate to an antenna using a sensing field signal having a sensing field frequency. The capacitive sensing system can be used in security systems, to provide an alarm if a valuable object is removed from where it can be detected. The capacitive sensing system can also be used to provide an alarm when an object is detected near a moving member, such as a parking barrier gate, sliding gate, elevator door, garage door, or window. The sensitivity of the system may be adjustable according to one or more conditions, such as position of the moving member, time of day, or operator inputs (for example, to put the system into a maintenance mode having low sensitivity). Systems may also have a cut-out, in which alarms are suppressed.

Abstract: A detritus removal roller construction particularly suited for a lint roller is disclosed having an elongated strip with a backing layer and an adhesive layer overlying one side of the backing layer. The strip has a first end, a second end and two spaced apart sides and is wound from its first end to its second end into a tubular cylindrical roll. The backing layer is made of a compressible material which retains and/or creates an electrostatic charge in use.