Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for obtaining the electrocardiogram (ECG) in small conscious animals, such as mice, without the need to anesthetize or instrument the animal, are described. The apparatus includes an array of conductive pads, embedded in a platform, the pads sized and spaced to advance contact between an animal's paws and the pads as the animal freely moves upon the platform. Electrical circuitry to the pads is configured to sense the parings of pads and paws that render an interpretable ECG signal and to activate or deactivate recording of the signals. The apparatus is suspended above a surface to minimize the range of motion of the animal without physical restraint.

Abstract: The present invention features methods for diagnosing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a test subject, for example a subject at risk of developing IDDM, which involve detecting hyper-responsive Ca2+ mobilization in cells obtained from the test subject. Hyper-responsive Ca2+ mobilization can be detected in cells contacted with a stimulatory agent, preferably in cells contacted with a potentiating agent and a stimulatory agent. Methods of the present invention include comparing Ca2+ mobilization in cells from the test subject to Ca2+ mobilization in cells from a control subject. The present invention further features kits for use in the detection of IDDM.