Abstract: The reaction of an organic monohydroxy compound with a monomeric epoxide is catalyzed by insoluble, polymeric composition having tetraalkyl phosphonium alkoxide, aryloxide or hydroxide containing pendant groups. These groups have the structure ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 3, m is an integer from 1-6, preferably 3-6, R is an alkyl group of from 1 to 6 C atoms, R' is H, an alkyl, CN, or other group inert to reaction with phosphonium halides, alkoxides or the phosphonium salt resins or in some instances to organolithium reagents and X is an alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or aryloxy group, or an OH group.The above catalysts are readily removed from the reaction mixture because of their insolubility. They are particularly useful for making monoethers of the structure A(OA').sub.b OH where A is the nonhydroxyl residue of the monohydroxy compound and A' is the nonhydroxy residue of an epoxide monomer, and b is an integer of from 1 to about 20 with b = 1-5 preferred.

Abstract: This invention relates to the low temperature regeneration of liquid desiccants and acid gas absorbing liquid desiccants. Both classes of desiccants can be regenerated to separate water and/or water and acid gases to a satifactory degree under the pressure conditions employed at temperatures substantially below the normal boiling point of the dry desiccant or desiccant-water mixture by countercurrently contacting the desiccant to be regenerated in conventional distillation equipment with the vapors of an easily condensable hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture which is substantially immiscible with the regenerated desiccant at the boiling temperature of the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture employed as a stripping agent.

Abstract: A method for coating surfaces with organic film-forming compositions, which may contain pigments or coloring matter, characterized by applying the composition to a surface or substrate while subjecting the surface or substrate to a gaseous environment whose temperature is above the boiling point of the vaporizable solvent vehicle(s) of the coating composition and removing the solvent vehicle from the applied coating in a controlled manner while in said gaseous environment. The temperatures of the environment, the surface and the coating composition are selected relative one to the other such that the film of coating will gel yet not "skin over" until the solvent vehicle has been substantially completely removed from the coating, the solvent vehicle will not be substantially lost from the coating composition until the coating has been applied to the surface, or substrate, and the application of the coating to the surface or substrate will not materially cool the surface or the environment.

Abstract: Mixtures of curable neutral and acid-catalyzed phenol-aldehyde resins and portland cement have been found to provide fast-curing, durable adhesive bonds for wood, masonry, and the like which for many applications are of improved strength as compared to those obtained with known bonding agents. Of particular interest are the compositions where the resin is an arylamine-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Surface accumulation of crystalline treating agents, such as pentachlorophenol, and water insoluble extracted wood resins, developed during solvent removal after pressure impregnation, and readily removed by contacting the so treated wood while still in a heated condition with liquid solvent thereby causing ebullient boiling of the solvent at the surface effecting a cleaning action and dissolution of the removed crystalline agent in the body of the solvent. If the solvent is contacted with the hot surface and removed immediately following cessation of ebullient boiling no additional post treatment is necessary to remove solvent from the surface of the wood. If desired a light (short duration) post steaming, however, may be employed without adverse effect, i.e., bringing more treating agent to the surface which would again permit crystallization of the agent at the surface.

Abstract: Monomeric epoxides are purified by mixing with a hydrocarbyl alkali metal. The requisite amount of hydrocarbyl lithium is readily detectable by a change in color of a suitable indicator. The monomeric epoxide so purified can be rapidly and completely polymerized to yield high molecular weight homopolymers or copolymers.

Abstract: A method for producing alkyl halides by reacting the corresponding alkanol with at least 10% molar excess of hydrogen halide at a temperature of at least 50.degree.C. and under sufficient pressure to maintain the reactants dissolved in the liquid water of reaction (but insufficiently high to maintain the alkyl halide reaction product in the aqueous reaction mixture). The heat of reaction causes the alkyl halide to vaporize from the reaction zone along with the excess hydrogen halide. The resulting vapors are delivered to a packed tower where they are contacted with a stream of liquid reflux alkyl halide saturated with the hydrogen halide. The liquid reflux stream is obtained by condensing a portion of the gaseous or vaporous effluent from the tower. The gases or vapors from the reactor are dried by the reflux. In addition to drying the alkyl halide vapors, the tower provides an environment in which the by-product ether of the alkanol hydrochlorination is disassociated into alkyl halide and water.

Abstract: 1,1,1-trichloroethane containing as the essential metal stabilizers (1) from 3.5 to 6 volume percent of (a) a mixture of 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol ##EQU1## and tertiary amyl alcohol ##EQU2## wherein said 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol is present in at least 1.75 volume percent of said mixture or (b) 3.5 volume percent 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol; (2) 0.5 to 2 volume percent of a nitroalkane selected from nitromethane or a mixture of nitromethane and nitroethane, said nitromethane or mixture of nitroalkanes being present in at least 1.0 volume percent when said mixture (1a) is 3.5 volume percent and 0.75 volume percent when said (1b) is 3.5 volume percent; and, (3) 0.5 to 1 volume percent of an alkylene oxide having 4 to 6 carbon atoms including cyclohexene oxide as the essential acid acceptor. A preferred composition consists of 2 volume percent each of 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol and tertiary amyl alcohol, 1.0 volume percent nitromethane and 0.75 volume percent 1,2-butylene oxide.

Abstract: A method for dyeing polyester fibers by contacting the fiber, which may be in the form of loose fibers or staple, filament or texturized yarn, woven or knitted fabric, with a solution of a soluble dyestuff in a suitable solvent, such as a chlorinated solvent, reducing the volume of the solute in contact with the fiber while maintaining the volume of liquid in contact with the fiber substantially constant by addition of a nonsolvent, maintaining the temperature of the fiber and contacting solvent-nonsolvent at a temperature to effect dyeing. The process also includes the procedures for purifying the solvent and nonsolvent to enable their reuse (recycling) in the process economically and reducing the waste material from the process.The process also provides for scouring and/or drying the fiber if such be necessary.

Abstract: An improved method of impregnating wood with a preservative is achieved by using halogenated solvents as carriers for the preservative or other wood treating chemicals and removing the carrier from the treated wood by treatment with steam. Benefits derived from this process include fewer steps, substantially complete removal of solvent, and the production of a natural appearing wood product having a surface suitable for painting.

Abstract: The inactive palladium-containing precipitate formed during the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an olefin to form an ester can be reactivated by the addition of a suitable reducing agent to a slurry of the precipitate in the ester.

Abstract: Certain alkaline earth pyrophosphates, such as Ca, Mg, and Sr pyrophosphates are superior catalysts for oxydehydrogenating alkyl aromatic compounds including nitrogen heterocyclics which have at least one C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl side chain to form derivatives having side chain unsaturation. The alkyl aromatic compound can have 1-2 rings. The process is carried out at 450.degree.-650.degree.C. and a space velocity of 55-2500.

Abstract: Heterocyclic nitrogen-containing peroxides are prepared by reacting a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide with a nitrogen heterocycle substituted cycloalkene such as 1-(4-morpholinyl)cyclohexene. The products are useful initiators of vinyl polymerization where a peroxide initiator of relatively high thermal stability is desirable.

Abstract: In a wood treating process wherein wood is impregnated with a halogenated solvent solution containing a wood preservative and an antiblooming additive and excess solvent is vaporized from the impregnated wood and condensed for return to the used impregnation solution, the depleted solution is restored to its original composition for recycle to the process by addition of a concentrate of the preservative and antiblooming additive in the solvent. Preferred components of the treating solution and the concentrate are pentachlorophenol, a glycol or glycol derivative, and a relatively low boiling chlorinated solvent such as methylene chloride.

Abstract: Hydrogen fluoride can be separated from an organic mixture of fluorinated C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 compounds and recovered for reuse by selectively absorbing the HF in a glycol in which the HF is soluble, but the fluorinated organic compound is substantially insoluble. If desired, HF can be obtained in anhydrous form.

Abstract: Heterocyclic nitrogen-containing peroxides are prepared by reacting a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide with a nitrogen heterocycle substituted by cycloalkene such as 1-(4-morpholinyl)cyclohexene. The products are useful initiators of vinyl polymerization where a peroxide initiator of relatively high thermal stability is desirable.

Abstract: A condensation product being a co-generic mixture of products having the formulaeR.sub.1 -- A -- CH.sub.2 --OCH.sub.2 --.sub.y A --.sub.x CH.sub.2 --OCH.sub.2 --.sub.y R.sub.3 (I)wherein each A is an independently selected aromatic radical having the formula ##SPC1##Each R.sub.1 represents an independently selected radical from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 --OCH.sub.2 --.sub.y R.sub.3 ; each R.sub.2 represents an independently selected radical consisting of R.sub.1, halogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 represents a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or --A--H when y is 1 or greater than 1 and methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and --A--H when y is 0; x represents an integer from 0 to 60; y represents an integer from 0 to 4; z represents an integer from 0 to 2; and, B represents oxygen or sulfur. It is to be understood that unreacted aromatic HAH may be present in amounts up to 50% by weight of the total condensation product.

Abstract: Dialkyl alkylenebis(peroxydicarbonates) and oxyalkylenebis(peroxydicarbonates) and corresponding higher polyfunctional peroxydicarbonic acid esters are useful initiators of vinyl polymerization. These compounds are prepared by reacting a sodium alkylperoxycarbonate with a diol bis(chloroformate) at from about -10.degree.C to about 20.degree.C.

Abstract: Alkaline earth-nickel phosphates having from about 61% to about 70% phosphate are superior catalysts for oxydehydrogenating alkyl aromatic compounds including nitrogen heterocyclics which have at least one C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl side chain to form derivatives having side chain unsaturation. The alkyl aromatic compound can have 1-2 rings. The process is carried out at 450.degree.-650.degree.C. and a space velocity of 55-2500.

Abstract: Compositions containing 80 to 99 percent by volume of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and 1 to 20 percent by volume of an alkylene glycol alkanoate or an alkylene glycol ether alkanoate have been found to be excellent for use in the vapor reflow of organic surfaces when the composition is employed in a superheated vaporous state.