Abstract: A process is described for the production of spherical nickel hydroxide by anodic dissolution of a nickel electrode and precipitation of nickel hydroxide in a completely intermixed electrolysis cell, wherein an electrolysis brine is used which has a content of 20 to 50 g/l of chloride ions and 1 to 7 g/l of ammonia with a pH value of 9.5 to 11.5 and a temperature of 45 to 60° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the alkylation of 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic esters or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts with alkylating agents in a polar diluent in the presence of quaternary onium salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing gel-type cation exchangers of high stability by sulfonation of crosslinked (meth)acrylic ester-containing bead polymers with sulfuric acid having a concentration of 90 to 95% in the absence of a swelling agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for water treatment based on biodegradable polymers containing repeating succinyl units, biocidal oxidizing agents and unsubstituted or substituted amidosulphonic acid, their use in, and the process for, conditioning water of cooling circuits.

Abstract: A method of reducing the level of malodorous amines emitted by paper when exposed to an alkaline environment is provided, which comprises making the paper so that it does not contain ammonium groups that are bonded to any polymer contained in the paper by only one chemical bond. Laminates which emit reduced levels of amines and which are comprised of this paper are also provided. In a preferred embodiment, the paper is sized with a sizing emulsion comprised of alkenyl succinic anhydride and a cationic water-soluble polymer having ammonium groups that are attached to the polymer by at least two chemical bonds.

Abstract: Optical data carrier comprising a preferably transparent substrate which may, if desired, have previously been coated with one or more reflection layers and to whose surface a light-writeable information layer, if desired one or more reflection layers and if desired a protective layer or a further substrate or a covering layer have been applied, which can be written on and read by means of infrared light, preferably laser light, particularly preferably light having a wavelength in the range 750-800 nm, in particular 770-790 nm, where the information layer comprises a light-absorbent compound and, if desired, a binder, characterized in that at least one cobalt(III) phthalocyanine in which the Co metal centre bears two axial substituents R1 and R2 which represent, independently of one another, CN, SCN, alkoxy or alkylthio is used as light-absorbent compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for generating light signals, in particular traffic lights. The device according to the invention contains a housing with at least one opening, which is closed by a plate, the absorption of which can be controlled electrically, there being located in the interior of the housing behind the opening a diffuser element, which reflects incident light through the plate. Preferred switched states of the plate are either black (absorption over the entire spectral region of visible light) and colored transparent (slight absorption in specific spectral regions) or transparent (no absorption over the entire spectral region of visible light). The device according to the invention is used to generate light signals by virtue of the fact that the ambient light strikes the plate and, depending on switched state, is absorbed entirely, partially or not at all by the plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thin film capacitor containing (a) a substrate, (b) a first polymeric film containing an electrically conductive polymer located on the substrate, (c) a pentoxide layer selected from the group consisting of tantalum pentoxide, or niobium pentoxide, and mixtures thereof, (d) a second polymeric film containing an electrically conductive polymer located on the pentoxide layer.

Abstract: An optical data storage medium containing a preferably transparent substrate which has optionally already been coated with one or more reflecting layers and onto the surface of which a photorecordable information layer, optionally one or more reflecting layers, and optionally a protective layer or an additional substrate or a top layer are applied, which data storage medium can be recorded on and read using blue or red light, preferably laser light, wherein the information layer contains a light-absorbing compound and optionally a binder, characterized in that at least one diaza hemicyanine dye is used as the light-absorbing compound.

Abstract: Reacting weakly basic anion exchangers bearing tertiary amino groups with ethylene oxide under pH control and addition of acid leads to superior strongly basic anion exchangers.

Abstract: A process for producing sintered pellets made from blends of refractory metal and refractory metal nitride powders were found to have a higher fraction of intra-agglomerate pores than those made from the refractory metal or refractory metal nitride alone resulting in improved capacitor grade powders, anodes and finished capacitors therefrom. The pellet porosity and total intrusion volume maximizes when the mixture is in the 50-75 W/W % refractory metal nitride range. The total pellet pore surface area was found to be relatively independent of refractory metal nitride concentration above 50%. A substrate consisting of a 50/50 or 25/75 W/W % refractory metal/refractory metal nitride powder mixture should produce solid capacitors with higher capacitance recovery and lower ESR.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a singly recordable optical data medium using Co-phthalocyanine complexes of the formula (I) in which the groups are defined herein, as light-absorbing compounds in the information layer of optical data media, in which information layer is recordable using light, particularly for CD-R, and the application of the above-mentioned compounds to a polymer substrate, particularly polycarbonate, by spin coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 4-chlorobiphenyl by (a) reacting biphenyl and chlorine in the presence of one or more ring-chlorination catalysts, and (b) subjecting the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) to fractional distillation to obtain 4-chlorobiphenyl.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzotrifluoride comprising chlorinating 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride with elemental chlorine, in the presence of from 0.1 to 2% by weight of iron(III) chloride and 0.05 to 0.75% by weight of aluminum(III) chloride, in each case based on 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride, where the weight ratio of iron(III) chloride to aluminum(III) chloride is 10:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 2-haloacyl-3-aminoacrylic acid derivatives and pyrazole-4-carboxylic acids and derivates thereof obtainable from it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for preparing hydrogen fluoride in a uniformly high conversion at a high space-time yield with minimal energy consumption by reaction of fluorspar with sulfuric acid in a rotary tube furnace, in which the furnace is divided into three equal-sized zones, each of which is heated indirectly by means of from 1 to 12 independent combustion chambers, there being a temperature gradient between the zones such that the first zone has the highest temperature and the third zone has the lowest temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing novel, monodisperse anion exchangers having strongly basic functional groups either in the center of the resin particle or in the shell of the resin particle, as well as to their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to basic cobalt(II) carbonate, agglomerated from fine primary particles and of general composition Co[(OH)2]a[CO3]1−a, where 0.1≦a≦0.9, and to spheroidal cobalt(II) hydroxide, to a process for producing them and to their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process that makes it possible to epoxidize &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated enones or &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated sulfones with high conversions and enantiomeric excesses in the presence of a water-soluble base, an oxidant, water, an organic solvent that is immiscible or has only limited miscibility with water, a preactivated diastereomer- and enantiomer-enriched homo-polyamino acid as catalyst, and a specific phase-transfer catalyst as cocatalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing crosslinked ion exchangers with a homogeneous network structure based on unsaturated aliphatic nitriles in the presence of film-forming protective colloids.