Abstract: Nitrodiarylamines, useful as intermediates, are produced by combining a formyl derivative of an aromatic primary amine with a nitrohaloarene, at condensation temperature for forming nitrodiarylamine, and adding an alkoxide or cycloalkoxide of an alkali metal, excluding lithium.

Abstract: The bond strength between a sulphur-vulcanizable rubber and a metal, especially brass, is increased by using as bonding promoter a compound having the formula[.sup.- O.sub.2 C CH.sub.2 S--B--S CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2.sup.- ]M.sup.++or a hydrate thereof, where B represents a divalent organic radical and M represents cobalt or nickel.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanizates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are compounds having the formula R-S-B-S-R where B is an organic bridging group and R is an electron-withdrawing group, for example CN, CCl.sub.3, a radical containing an activated methylene group linked to the sulphur atom or the enolic tautomer of a keto-activated methylene group. Also useful as stabilizing agents are oligomeric analogues of such compounds.

Abstract: Substituted or unsubstituted N,N'-dithiobisformanilide compounds are disclosed, where the substituents can be lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or CF.sub.3. The compounds are vulcanizing agents for diene rubbers. Diene rubber compounds containing a cross-linking amount of the above compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of thermoplastic elastomers comprising a blend of plastic and cured rubber by dynamic vulcanization wherein the blend is subjected to high shear.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanisates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are compounds containing two or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R linked by an organic bridging group, or polymers containing two or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R attached to an organic polymer chain, where R represents (a) a radical OM where M is a monovalent metal, the equivalent of a multivalent metal, a monovalent in derived by the addition of a proton to a nitrogenous base, or the equivalent of a multivalent ion derived by the addition of two or more protons to a nitrogenous base, or (b) an organic radical selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic radicals, and radicals which are combinations of any two or more such radicals.

Abstract: The bond strength between a sulphur-vulcanizable rubber and a metal, especially brass, is increased by using as bonding promoter a compound having the formula R--(CH.sub.2).sub.a --S.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+ or a hydrate thereof, where a has an integral value of at least 1, and where (i) M.sup.+ represents a sodium ion or an equivalent of a divalent nickel or cobalt ion and R represents hydroxy, cyano, chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl, nitrophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, alkylphenyl, dialkylphenyl, arylphenyl, naphthyl, alkylnaphthyl, benzoyl, phenoxy, halophenoxy, phthalimido, a group having the formula R.sup.2 CONH--, R.sup.2 NHCO--, where R.sup.2 is an alkyl or aryl radical, .sup.+ MOOC, or 2,4-dihydroxy-6-pyrimidyl (or its keto-form equivalent) or (ii) M .sup.+ is absent and R represents a grouping .sup.+ H.sub.3 N--.

Abstract: Urethane elastomer is described having methylol phenolic groups grafted thereto which modified elastomer is useful for preparing improved polymer blends.

Abstract: Compatibilized polymer blends are described comprising a blend of olefin polymer, cross-linkable acrylic ester copolymer rubber, and a compatibilizing amount of a graft copolymer comprising acrylic ester copolymer compatibilizing segments and olefin polymer compatibilizing segments.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanizates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are polymeric trithiocarbonates having a structure comprising repeating units of the formula ##STR1## where R is an organic bridging group, e.g. an alkylene group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing samples of viscoelastic materials are shown, in which the sample is contained under pressure between two dies and the forces involved in rotating one die with respect to the other. The method uses different frequencies of oscillatory rotation at different temperatures. The apparatus uses dies with discontinuous protrusions which overlap each other.

Abstract: A sample of material is tested by rupture with an impact member, relative movement of the sample and member being maintained at a substantially constant velocity along a straight line before and after impact and being derived from angular movement of a cam driven by a flywheel. The apparatus is capable of automatic operation (including automatic result recording) with increased operator safety, gives results of good reproducibility, and is quieter in use than previously proposed apparatus.

Abstract: The bond strength between a sulphur-vulcanizable rubber and a metal, especially brass, is increased by using as bonding promoter an organic substance containing one or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R where R represents (a) a radical --OM where M is a monovalent metal, the equivalent of a multivalent metal, a monovalent ion derived by the addition of a proton to a nitrogeneous base or the equivalent of a multivalent ion derived by the addition of two or more protons to a nitrogeneous base, or (b) an organic radical. Preferred promoters include sodium, zinc, nickel and cobalt organothiosulphates.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanizates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are compounds containing two or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R linked by an organic bridging group, or polymers containing two or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R attached to an organic polymer chain, where R represents (a) a radical OM where M is a monovalent metal, the equivalent of a multivalent metal, a monovalent ion derived by the addition of a proton to a nitrogenous base, or the equivalent of a multivalent ion derived by the addition of two or more protons to a nitrogenous base, or (b) an organic radical selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic radicals, and radicals which are combinations of any two or more such radicals.

Abstract: Treatment of diene rubber with a diketo compound, in which the keto groups are part of a six-carbon hydrocarbon ring containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturation, or a tautomer of the compound, is performed at temperatures above 130.degree. C. Rubber compositions treated in this manner exhibit increased green strength, decreased plasticity, and, when vulcanized, decreased hysteresis.

Abstract: Treatment of diene rubber with a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are --OH or --NH.sub.2 and R and R' are hydrogen, --OH, NH.sub.2 or non-reactive substituents is performed at temperatures above 130.degree. C. Rubber compositions treated in this manner exhibit increased green strength, decreased plasticity, and, when vulcanized, decreased hysteresis.

Abstract: Compositions of vulcanizeable diene rubber, a cross-linking agent, a vulcanization accelerator and a vulcanization system alterative are disclosed, which have improved properties of scorch delay, cure rate and reversion resistance. The alterative is a compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different radicals selected from alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, phenyl, cycloalkyl of 3-8 carbon atoms and alkyaryl and aralkyl of 7-12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 is selected from the same as R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, optionally substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, alkoxy, carboalkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, amido, cyano, thio or sulfonyl substituents.

Abstract: Rubber compositions are shown comprising diene rubber and salts of hydroxymethylsulfinic acid which exhibit improved green strength and/or tack properties. Treatment of diene rubber above 130.degree. C. with the same salts is shown to be effective in obtaining rubber compositions of improved properties.

Abstract: Benzothiazole-2-sulfenamides are prepared by reacting a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and a primary or secondary amine with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, for example a metal phthalocyanine, in a reaction medium consisting of (i) a mixture of the amine and water in which the amount of water at the outset of the reaction is from 0.2 to 20% by weight of the mixture, or (ii) a mixture as defined in (i) diluted with an inert organic solvent miscible with the mixture, in a proportion of up to two parts by weight of the inert organic solvent per part by weight of the mixture.

Abstract: Diene rubber is treated with a maleic acid half ester, optionally in the presence of sulfur or an organic sulfur compound capable of generating a thiyl radical at an appropriate temperature (above 130.degree. C.) for a time sufficient to increase the green strength or tack of the diene rubber, but insufficient to decrease its tack. The treated diene rubber exhibits improved fabricability in the production of rubber products.