Abstract: Graft copolymers are prepared by the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, or a mixture of such monomers, in the presence of an azo di-ester polyol. Presence of the azo group in the polyol reactant itself serves as a free radical initiator site for the graft copolymerization reaction. The copolymers formed are utilized in the formulation of polyurethane compositions.

Abstract: A novel, heat curable, liquid polymer composition is disclosed which comprises a modified urethane oligomer containing ethylenic unsaturation, a free radical catalyst, a polyfunctional mercaptan, and a filler.

Abstract: Improved current efficiency is obtained in an electrolytic membrane cell for the production of potassium hydroxide by employing in combination:(a) a membrane comprised of a carboxylic acid substituted polymer prepared by reacting a fluorinated olefin with a comonomer having a functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid and a functional group which can be converted to carboxylic acid;(b) a potassium chloride brine feed through the anolyte chamber of the cell having a concentration in the range from about 250 to about 300 grams of potassium chloride per liter;(c) a cell operating temperature in the range from about 90.degree. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous waste streams containing recoverable chlorine are reacted with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hypohalite, such as sodium hypochlorite, to form an aqueous salt solution of an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, and an alkaline earth metal hypohalite, such as calcium hypochlorite. Thereafter the aqueous salt solution is admixed with an organic alcohol to form an organic-aqueous salt solution. A gas containing chemically bound oxygen, such as carbon dioxide, is reacted with the organic-aqueous salt solution to form a slurry of solid particles of calcium carbonate suspended in a liquid mixture. The solid particles of calcium carbonate are separated from the liquid mixture.The aqueous phase containing sodium chloride may be recycled for use as a reactant in a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell. The organic phase containing organic hypochlorite may be used as a chlorinating agent or may be treated with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to reclaim free chlorine.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the electrodeposition of both a low overvoltage metal and a sacrificial metal onto an electrically conductive substrate. The sacrificial metal is later removed by leaching the electroplated substrate with sodium hydroxide. The improvement comprises adding a sacrificial metal to the electroplating solution after electrodeposition is initiated. The amount of electric current supplied to the electroplating solution during electrodeposition may be increased or decreased to increase the surface area and the electrochemical activity of the electroplated substrate.

Abstract: An improved method for adjusting the space between an adjustable anode and a cathode in an electrolytic cell wherein current measurements and voltage measurements are obtained and compared with predetermined standards. Measurements of deviation from predetermined standards are employed to determine the direction of anode adjustment. The current is balanced between the individual anode posts of the anode sets and between the individual anode sets of an electrolytic cell within predetermined limits.

Abstract: Graft copolymers are prepared by the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, or a mixture of such monomers, in the presence of a peroxy di-ester polyol. Presence of the peroxy group in the polyol reactant itself serves as a free radical initiator site for the graft copolymerization reaction. The copolymers formed are utilized in the formulation of polyurethane compositions.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyols are described. These copolymers are prepared by the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, or a mixture of such monomers, in a polyol comprising an alkenyl aryl polyol. The alkenyl aryl constituents render the polyols compatible for graft copolymerization with the vinyl monomers. The graft copolymers are shown in polyurethane formulations.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering recoverable chlorine from chemical plant waste streams.An aqueous stream containing recoverable chlorine is reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, to form a slurry of solid particles of alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as calcium hydroxide, suspended in a liquid. The calcium hydroxide is filtered or otherwise separated from the liquid. The liquid is admixed with an organic alcohol to form an organic-aqueous solution. A halogenating agent, such as chlorine, is reacted with the organic-aqueous solution to form a solution of organic hypochlorite in an organic phase and an aqueous phase.The solution of organic hypochlorite is phase separated to form aqueous and organic phases. The aqueous phase containing sodium chloride may be recycled for use as a reactant in a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell.

Abstract: An electrolytic process is described for purifying an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide containing an impurity of a soluble heavy metal complex comprised of a heavy metal cation and a plurality of anions.For example, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide containing a soluble heavy metal complex, such as mercuric polysulfide, [HgS].sup.+ S.sup.-, is charged to the electrolytic chamber of an electrolytic cell. An electric current is employed to reduce heavy metal cations to a separate phase in elemental form, and simultaneously to oxidize anions to a separate phase in elemental form, and to form a slurry of the separate phases in elemental forms in the aqueous solution.The slurry is removed from the electrolytic chamber and the phases of elemental forms are separated from the purified aqueous solution. The purified alkali metal hydroxide solution is sold commercially or otherwise utilized.

Abstract: Calcium hypochlorite useful as a commercial sanitizing agent and swimming pool disinfectant is produced by a process wherein calcium hydroxide and organic hypochlorite are reacted in a first reaction zone to produce calcium hypochlorite. The portion of the calcium hydroxide remaining unreacted is recovered along with product calcium hypochlorite in a mixture of solids.In a second reaction zone, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is reacted with an organic hypochlorite to form an aqueous phase containing sodium hypochlorite and an organic phase. The aqueous phase is separated from the organic phase.Chlorine is reacted with the mixture of solids of the first reaction zone and the aqueous phase of the second reaction zone in a third reaction zone to produce an aqueous slurry of calcium hypochlorite particles. The calcium hypochlorite particles are thereafter recovered and dried in granular form.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an aqueous brine and organic alcohol solution in a multi-chamber membrane type cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in a membrane cell from tertiary butyl alcohol and a sodium chloride brine. An organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride can be used to extract the organic hypohalite formed in the aqueous brine phase either during or after electrolysis.

Abstract: An electrolytic process is described for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an electrolyte comprised of aqueous brine, organic alcohol, and organic solvent solution in an undivided cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in an undivided cell by the electrolysis of tertiary butyl alcohol and aqueous sodium chloride brine. High product yield, high cell current efficiency, and high cell current density are achieved by proper selection and use of a suitable inert organic solvent in the cell during electrolysis, proper selection of anode to cathode gap distance, and proper control of the pH of the electrolyte solution. The organic hypohalite formed in the cell is recovered for use after electrolysis.