Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-[1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-[4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Promoters and genes isolated from genomic DNA of strawberry plants are disclosed. Both the promoters and genes are capable of tissue-specific expression in transgenic plants. A plant promoter that is a nucleic acid region located upstream of the 5' end of a plant DNA structural coding sequence that is transcribed at high levels in ripening fruit tissue. This promoter region is capable of conferring high levels of transcription in ripening fruit tissue and in developing seed tissues when used as a promoter for a heterologous coding sequence in a chimeric gene. The promoter and any chimeric gene in which it may be used can be used to obtain transformed plants or plant cells. A DNA coding sequence that codes for a gene that is highly transcribed in ripening fruit tissue of Fragaria X ananassa. This coding sequence can be used to obtain a cDNA probe useful in obtaining analogous promoters from a homologous coding sequence in other plant species.

Abstract: An isolated DNA sequence which codes for a luteo replicase gene is disclosed herein. A method for providing resistance to infection by a virus by expressing a replicase gene in plants is also disclosed, as are transgenic plants containing the replicase gene.

Abstract: An isolated DNA sequence which codes for a potyvirus replicase gene is disclosed herein. A method for providing resistance to infection by a virus by expressing a replicase gene in plants is also disclosed. Transgenic potato plants and tubers containing the replicase gene are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-[1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-[4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyldiketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-[1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1 H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-[4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-[1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-[4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds are particularly useful for systemic control of pests.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5- ?1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl) -4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl) -1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-?4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-?1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-?4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-?1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-?4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyldiketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing substituted 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl-pyrazoles and, specifically, for preparing C.sub.1-5 alkyl esters of 5-?1-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl)-4-halo-5-(C.sub.1-3 haloalkyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2,4-dihalo-benzoic acids such as isopropyl 5-?4-bromo-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl!-2-chloro-4-fluor obenzoate, are presented. The described processes include novel approaches for forming phenyl-diketones, forming and alkylating pyrazoles, brominating heterocyclic compounds, oxidizing alkyl-substituted benzene compounds, and esterifying carboxylic acids. These processes may be combined to prepare 3-aryl-5-haloalkyl pyrazoles, or alternatively, used in subcombinations or individually to prepare intermediates or other useful compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4-halo-2-fluoro-5-alkylbenzoyl compounds and their methods of manufacture. These compounds are useful for the preparation of agricultural chemicals and medicines, particularly as intermediates for an active class of aryl-haloalkylpyrazole and aryl alkylsulfonylpyrazole herbicides.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acards that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds are particularly useful for systemic control of pests.

Abstract: A DNA sequence encoding a PVX replicase gene obtained from ORF1 of a PVX genome is provided. A plant gene containing the PVX replicase coding region is also provided as is a truncated derivative of the PVX replicase gene. A PVX replicase gene is inserted into a plant to confer resistance to the plant against PVX infection when the PVX replicase gene is sufficiently expressed.

Abstract: A solid phase organic synthesis device comprising a manifold and an optional heating block mounted to an upper surface of the manifold. The manifold includes an internal cavity and a first array of holes coupled to the internal cavity. The heating block includes a second array of holes vertically aligned with the corresponding holes of the first array. The first and second arrays of holes are adapted to accommodate flow-through reaction vessels. Each reaction vessel is secured in one of the holes of the first array and a vertically-aligned one of the holes of the second array. The interiors of the reaction vessels are in communication with the internal cavity of the manifold. The flow-through reaction vessels, which contain solid phase resins for solid phase organic synthesis, are controlled by regulating the pressure within the manifold.

Abstract: A DNA sequence encoding a PVX replicase gene obtained from ORF1 of a PVX genome is provided. A plant gene containing the PVX replicase coding region is also provided as is a truncated derivative of the PVX replicase gene. A PVX replicase gene is inserted into a plant to confer resistance to the plant against PVX infection when the PVX replicase gene is sufficiently expressed.

Abstract: A method of producing plant products containing modified starch content, including higher ratios of amylose to amylopectin, increase in intermediate material, or amylopectin having fewer branches or altered branching pattern. Also provided are DNA constructs and transformed plant cells useful in that method. The preferred method uses isoamylase from a Flavobacterium sp., more preferably in combination with a gene encoding ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase. Also disclosed are the gene from Flavobacterium sp. and transformed bacterial and plant cells containing a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A compound, composition, and method for controlling Take-all disease of plants by applying to the seed prior to planting, a fungicide of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are C and are part of an aromatic ring which is pyridine; R and n are defined herein; A is selected from the group consisting of --C(O)--SR.sub.3, --NH--C(X)R.sub.4, --C(.dbd.NR.sub.3)--XR.sub.7, and --C(X)-amine wherein the amine is substituted with with an alkylaminocarbonyl and a hydrogen or wherein the amine has a first and a second amine substituent defined herein; B is --W.sub.m --Q(R.sub.2).sub.3 or selected from 0-tolyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and 9-phenanthryl, each optionally substituted with halogen or R.sub.4 ; Q is C, Si, Ge, or Sn; W is --C(R.sub.3).sub.p H.sub.(2-p) --; or when Q is C, W may also be selected from --N(R.sub.3).sub.m H(.sub.1-m)--, --S(O)p--, and --O--; X is O or S; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; m is 0 or 1; p is 0, 1, or 2; each R.sub.

Abstract: A compound, composition, and method for controlling Take-all disease of plants by applying a fungicide of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are carbons of a furan ring; A is selected from the group consisting of --C(X)-amine wherein the amine is substituted with a first and a second amine substituent or with an alkylaminocarbonyl and a hydrogen, --C(O)--SR.sub.3 ; --NH--C(X)R.sub.4, and --C(.dbd.NR.sub.3)--XR.sub.7 ;B is --W.sub.m --Q(R.sub.2).sub.3 or selected from o-tolyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and 9-phenanthryl, each optionally substituted with halogen or R.sub.4 ; Q is C, Si, Ge, or Sn; W is --C(R.sub.3).sub.p H.sub.(2-p) --; or when Q is C, W may also be selected from --N(R.sub.3).sub.m H.sub.(1-m) --, --S(O).sub.p --, and --O--; X is O or S; n is 0, 1, or 2; m is 0 or 1; p is 0, 1, or 2;wherein two R.sub.