Abstract: A catalyst system, which containsa) a source of a group VIII metal, andb) a phosphine of general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from an optionally substituted aryl group and a group of general formula: ##STR2## wherein eachh of A, X, Y and Z is independently selected from a nitrogen atom, a CH group and a group of formula CR wherein R represents a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amido group, a cyano group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyloxy group, it also being possible for two adjacent CR groups to form a ring, provided that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents a group of formula (II) in which at least one of A and Z represents a group of formula CR; or an acid addition salt thereof.Also disclosed is the use of the catalyst system in the selective carbonylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst system, which containsa) a source of a Group VIII metal, andb) a phosphine of general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from an optionally substituted aryl group and a group of general formula: ##STR2## wherein each of A, X, Y and Z is independently selected from a nitrogen atom, a CH group and a group of formula CR wherein R represents a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amido group, a cyano group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyloxy group, it also being possible for two adjacent CR groups to form a ring, provided that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents a group of formula (II) in which at least one of A and Z represents a group of formula CR; or an acid addition salt thereof.Also disclosed is the use of the catalyst system in the selective carbonylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the catalytic cracking of paraffins to produce linear olefins while minimizing production of aromatics and branched olefins. The catalyst used is an alkali(ne-erath) metal oxide, optionally supported on a porous oxidic carrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two step process for converting linear paraffins to alpha olefins. The first step comprises contacting said paraffins with a catalyst comprising an oxide an alkali or alkaline earth metal optionally dispersed on a refractory and porous carrier. The product of this process contains only small amounts of aromatics and branched olefins. The cracked product is then converted to an olefin product containing primarily alph olefins by contacting with ethylene and a disproportionation catalyst as disproportionation conditions.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of a refinery gasoline pool with enhanced octane value from a pentane and hexane containing feedstock by first contacting with an isomerization catalyst; fractionating the resulting product into an iC.sub.5 product stream forming part of said refinery gasoline pool and a bottom stream containing nC.sub.5, nC.sub.6, mono-branched C.sub.6 and dibranched C.sub.6 ; passing said bottom stream through an adsorption bed with dibranched C.sub.6 passing thru unabsorbed; desorbing nC.sub.5, nC.sub.6 and monobranched C.sub.6 from the absorption bed; and recycling the desorbed nC.sub.5, nC.sub.6 and monobranched C.sub.6 to the isomerization zone.

Abstract: A process for the selective carbonylation of a conjugated diene by contacting with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxyl-group-containing compound such as water, alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid in liquid phase using a catalyst system formed by the combination of:(a) a palladium compound and(b) at least one organic bidentate phosphine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt having a pK.sub.a <4.70, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of alpha,beta-olefinic unsaturated compounds by means of carbonylation of acetylenic unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxy-containing compound in liquid phase, accomplished in the presence of a catalytic system that can be formed from:(a) a palladium compound,(b) a protonic acid, and(c) an organic phosphine according to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a heterocyclic five- or six-atom ring, comprising, at least as hetero atom, nitrogen, which may be optionally substituted and/or may form part of a larger condensed ring structure that may be optionally substituted, and wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each have the aforesaid meaning of R.sub.1 or may represent an optionally substituted aryl group.The invention further comprises novel organic phosphines and compositions containing said phosphines as wel as the catalytic systems containing said phosphines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt of a carboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a >4.76, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkaki metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol which comprises the following consecutive steps:Step 1: Preparing a novel catalytic system by combining (a) a nickel (b) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal, and (c) an ester of formic acid which originates from an external source, and allowing the combined components (a), (b) and (c) to react; andStep 2: Contacting a gaseous mixture of CO and H.sub.2 with the catalytic system prepared in step 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt of a carboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a >4.76, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt having a pK.sub.a <4.70, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for withdrawing solids from a vessel utilizing an inserted nozzle comprising an outer tube and one or more inner tube(s) retracted inside the outer tube, which process comprises introducing an entrainment liquid into the vessel upstream from a pick-area where the solids are withdrawn, introducing dilution transport liquid into the area for solids to be removed through the outer tube in such a way that it does not substantially infludence the flow of the solids and the entrainment liquid introduced upstream from the pick-up area, and withdrawing transport liquid and solids through the retracted inner tube(s).

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a silica-containing carrier on which a metal component iron, nickel, or cobalt promoted by zirconium is supported snd, in addition, as promoter a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table; the promoter cobalt/zirconium catalyst is suitable for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-containing supported catalyst, having at least one metal or metal compound substantially present in a selected part thereof comprising contacting a aqueous solution of an appropriate metal compound with a reagent capable of changing the valency of said metal during contact with a preshaped support.The resulting catalyst, which may have an egg-shell or an egg-yolk type distribution for the catalytically active component, may be used e.g. in diffusion limited processes as well as in processes wherein the feedstock may contain catalyst poisons, e.g. in residue conversion.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the selective carbonylation of conjugated dienes in the presence of a hydroxyl-group-containing compound in the liquid phase comprising a combination of:(a) palladium or a compound of;(b) an organic phosphorus, antimony or arsenic derivative according to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aryl group substituted with at least one electron-attracting group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent individually an aryl group or an aryl group substituted with at least one electron-attracting group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent individually an aryl group or an aryl group substituted with at least one electron-attracting group and wherein Q represents phosphine, antimony or arsenic; and(c) an acid with a pka from about 2.5 to about 4.0, said acid being a condensed aromatic carboxylic acid or a benzoic acid substituted with at least one electron attracting group selected from the group consisting of (1) halogen, (2) hydroxy, and (3) methoxy.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a low concentration of ethylene oxide from an aqueous solution comprising salts, ethylene oxide and glycol which comprises the steps of:(1) passing the aqueous solution comprising salts and ethylene oxide through a hydrolyzing zone at elevated temperature and elevated pressure for a sufficient length of time to insure the conversion of at least the greater portion of the ethylene oxide to glycols to obtain a dilute aqueous glycol solution;(2) passing the dilute aqueous glycol solution through at least one flasher, wherein water is evaporated in the form of steam thereby producing at the bottom of the (last) flasher a solid-liquid two-phase slurry stream comprising salt-containing solids and a liquid phase comprising glycol, salt and water;(3) sending said slurry-containing stream coming out of the (last) flasher to a centrifuge and centrifuging such stream to produce a solid phase and a liquid phase; and(4) passing said centrifuged liquid phase to a flasher wherein glycols are se

Abstract: A process for producing methanol which comprises the following consecutive steps:Step 1: Preparing a novel catalytic system by combining (a) a nickel (b) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal, and (c) an ester of formic acid which originates from an external source, and allowing the combined components (a), (b) and (c) to react; andStep 2: Contacting a gaseous mixture of CO and H.sub.2 with the catalytic system prepared in step 1.

Abstract: An improved ethylene oxide process whereby residual heat is recovered from the reactor coolant by generating steam. The improvement enables the plant to operate using an improved silver-based catalyst with lower optimum operating temperature than that of the alumina-supported silver catalyst for which the plant was designed. The process comprises the steps of passing the coolant from the reactor to at least one first coolant condenser(s) wherein at least part of the coolant vapor is condensed by exchanging heat with boiler feed water to generate steam.