Abstract: A novel, crystalline, ethercarboxylate monohydrate useful as a detergency builder exhibits excellent handling and thermal stability properties and is particularly suited for use in preparing detergent formulations.

Abstract: Phosphonoether carboxylate esters and acids are intermediates for phosphonoether carboxylate salts useful as sequestering agents.

Abstract: A crystalline hydrate of trisodium carboxy methoxy malonate is an effective sequestrant and detergency builder.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula ##EQU1## wherein Rx is ##EQU2## AND A is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, CH.sub.2 OH or RxOH; M being alkali metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, or alkanol ammonium and Rz being hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, phenyl alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, alkoxy phenyl or alkoxy phenyl alkyl are useful as complexing agents and/or detergency builders. The ester and acid forms of these compounds are useful as intermediates for their preparation.

Abstract: An improved process was found for preparing a vanadium-containing catalyst wherein a tetravalent vanadium compound is provided from a pentavalent vanadium compound, comprising contacting the pentavalent vanadium compound with a phosphonate. The improved process is exemplified by the preparation of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts, and particularly the preparation of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts having a phosphorus to vanadium atom ratio of about 1:2 to about 2:1 comprising contacting a vanadium compound with a selected phosphonate, recovering a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen precursor, and thereafter calcining the precursor to form the catalysts. The compound 1-hydroxy-1,1-ethylidene diphosphonic acid is preferred as the phosphonate.

Abstract: Dental creams, particularly translucent dental creams, containing finely divided synthetic amorphous silica polishing agents, such polishing agents have an average refractive index of from about 1.410 to 1.440.

Abstract: Chloromethyl ether impurities are removed from alkylbenzyl chlorides containing the same by treatment with an aqueous base.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a mixture of from 60% to 95% by weight ##EQU1## (M is alkali metal or ammonium) and, correspondingly, 5% to 40% by weight sodium carbonate function as a synergistic detergency builder.

Abstract: Compounds of classes represented by phenoxybiphenyl and terphenyl compounds having from 5 to 10 aromatic rings and from 2 to 8 oxy ether linkages wherein at least 40% of the total linkages are in the meta position, which exhibit liquid properties over a wide range, and compositions containing said liquid compounds together with other fluids representative of which are polyphenyl ethers. These compounds and compositions have many uses, among which are hydraulic fluids and heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: Dental creams, particularly translucent dental creams, containing finely divided synthetic amorphous silica polishing agents, such polishing agents have an average refractive index of from about 1.410 to 1.440.