Abstract: This invention describes an apparatus, Scanning Localized Evaporation Methodology (SLEM) for the close proximity deposition of thin films with high feature definition, high deposition rates, and significantly improved material economy. An array of fixed thin film heating elements, each capable of being individually energized, is mounted on a transport mechanism inside a vacuum chamber. The evaporable material is deposited on a heating element. The SLEM system loads the surface of heating elements, made of foils, with evaporable material. The loaded thin film heating element is transported to the substrate site for re-evaporation. The re-evaporation onto a substrate, which is maintained at the desired temperature, takes place through a mask. The mask, having patterned openings dictated by the structural requirements of the fabrication, may be heated to prevent clogging of the openings. The translation of the substrate past the evaporation site permits replication of the pattern over its entire surface.

Abstract: The leads of a light emitting diode are made coaxial. The inner lead protrudes lower than the outer lead. The package is inserted into a spongy display panel for power supply. The display panel has three layers: a lower conducting layer for contacting said inner lead and a top conducting layer for contacting said outer layer, and an insulating layer between the top and the bottom layer. For LED with a bottom electrode and a top electrode, the LED can be mounted on the planar tops of the inner lead and the top electrode wire bonded to the outer lead, or the LED can be mounted on the side surface of the inner lead and the top electrode wire bonded to the outer lead. For LED with two bottom electrode, the LED electrodes can straddle over the planar tops of the inner lead and the outer lead, or the LED electrodes can straddle over the telescopic side surfaces of the two leads.

Abstract: Alternate layers of wide band gap and narrow band gaps of different kinds of semiconductors are used to form multiple channels of a FET. The channels are doped or formed as 2-DEG/2-DHG in narrow band semiconductor by charge supply layer in the wide band gap semiconductor. The different kinds of semiconductors form heterojunctions to confine the electrons/holes in separate thin spikes layers. A number of spikes (3-10 nm thick) of different doped or 2-DEG/2-DHG concentrations in various channels can result in overall electron concentration gradient such as a 1/x3 electron/hole concentrations profile. Such an electron/hole concentration gradient can result in a linear variation of drain current with voltage to obtain a wide dynamic range.

Abstract: Heat from a heat generating device such as a CPU is dissipated by a heat sink device containing a recycled two-phase vaporizable coolant. The coolant recycles inside a closed metal chamber, which has an upper section and a lower section connected by a conveying conduit, and a wick evaporator placed in the lower section. The liquid coolant in the evaporator is vaporized by the heat from the heat generating device. The coolant vapor enters the upper section and condenses therein, with the liberated latent heat dissipated out through the inner top chamber wall. The condensed coolant is then collected and flows into the lower section, and further flows back to the wick evaporator by capillary action of the evaporator, thereby recycling the coolant. Space or a piece of element with parallel grooves is used to form at least one of the sections to reduce friction in the liquid flow path.

Abstract: In a direct conversion receiver with zero-frequency intermediate frequency (IF) signal, the DC offset and 1/f noise of the IF signal is compensated by means of double-sampling. The first period of the doubling-sampling is a calibration phase, which stores the DC offset and the 1/f noise. The second period is a signal flow phase during which the stored DC offset and 1/f noise is connected in opposition with the IF signal to cancel the DC offset and 1/f noise.

Abstract: A clip is used to clamp a LED in place in a LED module. The clip has pliable conducting cover and can be latched to the upper lead metal of the LED module. The clip can be lifted for replacing a defective or color LED. A plurality of replaceable LEDs can be mounted a common metal substrate to form a display panel, and each LED can be clamped in position with clips straddling between parallel upper lead metal for electrical coupling to the top electrodes of the LED.

Abstract: A filter element of an air filter includes a main body and a substrate. The far infrared emission powder substances are embedded at certain grain sized and at certain ratio to the substrate, thereby forming the main body that is adapted in form to various internal combustion engines. The resonance effect will be created by means of the far infrared emission substances in the filter element of the air filter, thereby making tiny the molecular cluster of water in the moisture-containing air entering into the internal combustion engine for combustion, increasing the molecular freedom, enlarging the contact surface of the oil gas with the air. Therefore, it's easier that the oxygen-containing particles and the oil gas are evenly mixed for reaching an optimal mixture ratio of the original design standard.

Abstract: The voltage-oscillator (VCO) in a frequency synthesizer using a phase-locked loop (PLL) is calibrated during power up or channel switching. The VCO has a coarse frequency control and a fine frequency control. The coarse control consists of digital bits that are used for calibration. The coarse control is connected to the charge pump output as in a regular PLL. By searching for the optimal control setting, the center frequency of the VCO is trimmed close to the desired frequency for the PLL to lock. This allows small VCO gain without losing the tolerance of process and temperature variations. As a result, the PLL phase noise performance is improved.

Abstract: A conveyor with narrow apertures enables barcode scanning devices to be mounted under the conveying surface so they may scan and read data from tags and labels located on the bottom surface of material being transported by the conveyor. Multiple apertures and scanning devices are oriented at different angles to each other to assure that at least one of the scanning devices has an optimal orientation to reliably read barcodes or labels which may be randomly oriented on the conveying surface.

Abstract: A MOSFET operating as a mixer has its drain biased at the knee of the ID vs VDS characteristic. A local oscillator voltage is applied to the gate and a RF signal voltage is applied to the drain through a singled-ended source follower. The nonlinear curvature at the knee produces a beat frequency current. This mixer requires less supply voltage, and results in more conversion gain and less feed-through of the RF input signal than the Gilbert multiplier. Conversely, the RF voltage can be applied to the gate and the local oscillator voltage can be applied to the drain.

Abstract: Two flat contact pads form a portion of the bottom surface of a flat package and constitute the two external connections for the diode. The diode rests on at least one the contact pads. The diode and the contact pads are covered with protective glue. If the diode has one electrode at the bottom surface, the contact pad not in contact with diode is wire bonded to the top electrode. If the diode has both electrodes at the bottom surface, the two electrodes can rest on two separate contact pads. If the diode has both electrodes on the top surface, the electrodes can be wire-bonded to the two separate contact pads. The top surface of the contact pads can be roughened or protruded to increase adhesion between the protective glue and the contact pads. The contact pads can also have tunnels at the bottom surface to increase the gluing interface between the contact pads and the glue.

Abstract: A control circuit is used to increase the dc current of a low noise amplifier for a mobile wireless communication system in the presence of jamming signal to preserve high dynamic range and low intermodulation distortion. The control circuit compares the peak jamming signal with the average input signal. The average signal is obtained by filtering the input signal with a low-pass filter. The difference signal between the input signal with jamming signal and the average input is detected by a peak detector. The detected signal is then again compared with the average input signal to obtain a dc control signal to control the power consumption of a LNA.

Abstract: An array antenna is steered by moving two sets of optical fibers of different optical lengths between a number of light signal sources and an array antenna. By changing the lengths of the optical paths of the different light signal sources, the wave front can be steered. The light signal traverses five sections of optical delay lines with at least two selectable optical lengths. One set of selectable optical lengths provides coarse adjustment of steering, and a second set of selectable optical lengths provides fine adjustment of steering. The coarse adjustment is implemented by using a larger increment of selectable optical lengths between adjacent optical lengths than the increment for the fine adjustment. The antenna can serve both for a transmitter or a receiver.