Abstract: Novel compositions of matter comprising the 6' esters of zearalanol which have utility as growth promoting agents in meat-producing animals, particularly ruminants. The compositions include: zearalanol 6'-butyrate; zearalanol 6'-decanoate; zearalanol 6'-hexanoate; zearalanol 6'-laurate; zearalanol 6'-trichloroacetate; and zearalanol 6'-trifluoroacetate.

Abstract: A substantially dry method for making organophilic clays. Smectite clays, having a moisture content of less than 12% by weight are sprayed with an activator substance comprising about 1-10% by weight of the clay of a hydrophobic radical including those obtained from an "onium" base selected from a class consisting of ammonium, oxonium, sulfonium, arsonium, stibonium and telluronium. Organic amines and ammonium salts are preferred sources for the hydrophobic radical, and a substituted, hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride is particularly preferred. The pretreated clay is then subjected to mechanical working such as by compaction to activate the clay.The subject method avoids the addition of water or other solvent to the clay when adding the activator substance, and therefore avoids the added cost of later removing the water, or other solvent. The physical properties of the dry processed organophilic clay are superior in some respects to organophilic clays made by the prior art methods.

Abstract: An adsorbable fibrin excipient for active biochemical agents which enables controlled release of the biochemical agents when a fibrin pellet or other article containing the biochemical agent is implanted in an animal. Also contemplated are formable combinations of fibrin and other materials, such as lactose, to vary the absorption rate from the rate obtained using fibrin alone.

Abstract: A ring member having an opening extending radially therethrough to provide access between the inside and outside of said ring member. The ring member is disposed between the ends of two adjacent pipe sections, and is in sealing engagement therewith.The opening in the ring member provides mounting means for a pressure gage, or an access fitting to the pipeline to add dye materials or other reagents. The adjacent pipe sections may be rotated to equalize wear without rotating the ring member so that the pressure gage may be maintained on the top of the pipeline for ready access.

Abstract: A method of operating "wet bottom" practice soaking pits to prolong useful period between bed replacement. Olivine is used to replace coke breeze in the bottom of the soaking pit to protect its refractory lining.Operating periods from 40-60 days are possible when olivine is used in the soaking pit. The olivine has excellent temperature stability, also, so it is well suited for this application, in which temperatures range from about 2400.degree.-2650.degree. F.

Abstract: A method of beneficiating a phosphate ore containing silica and an alkaline earth metal carbonate impurity, particularly dolomite or calcite. The steps include testing the ore for excessive levels of carbonate impurities, the use of conventional flotation steps to remove silica, grinding the ore to a particle size in which at least 90% of the ore particles are less than 0.355 mm and thereafter reagentizing the ground phosphate containing ore with water, a carbonate collector, a phosphate depressant and a pH regulator to obtain a flotation feed having a solids level of about 20-30% and a pH of about 5.6-6.0. The flotation feed is then subjected to a reverse flotation in a flotation cell to remove carbonate impurities as the cell overflow and to collect a phosphate concentration as the cell underflow.

Abstract: A reverse flotation process for removing alkaline earth metal carbonate impurities particularly dolomite and calcite as the cell overflow from a flotation feed reagentized with water, a carbonate collector, a phosphate depressant and a pH regulator to about 20-30% solids and a pH of about 5.5-6.0. The phosphate concentrate is collected as the cell underflow.The carbonate collectors comprise stable salts of sulfonated linear fatty acids having a straight carbon chain of about eight to twenty-two carbon atoms and a direct sulfur to carbon bond. The sodium salt of sulfonated oleic acid is the preferred carbonate collector. Phosphate depressants include sodium tripolyphosphate.The flotation feed particle size is preferably such that 90% by weight of the particles pass through a 42 Mesh (Tyler) screen. The effectiveness of the separation improves as the particle size of the flotation feed is decreased.

Abstract: Zinc complexes of mononitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ether antibiotics are provided. Such complexes act as coccidiostats and growth-promoting agents when administered to poultry and act as active agents for improving cardiovascular function in animals.Zinc complexes of the type disclosed can be prepared by adding soluble zinc salt to a fermentation beer containing the mononitrogen-containing pyrrole ether antibiotic to thereby form an insoluble, recoverable biomass containing the desired zinc antibiotic complex.

Abstract: Control of parasitic worm (helminth) infestations in warm-blooded animals including poultry, swine, cattle, sheep and goats by administering substituted quinoxaline adducts to infested animals. In particular, certain adducts of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides are capable of eliminating infestations of the pinworms Syphacia obvelata and Aspicularis tetraptera in mammals. Several of the compounds are also effective against the tapeworm Hymenolepsis nana in mammals.

Abstract: An improved method of producing potassium sulfate from langbeinite. The improved method employs a "salting out" step to remove additional KCl from the mother liquor resulting from K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 crystallization. NaCl is added to the mother liquor to cause precipitation of KCl crystals. The amount of NaCl added is controlled to an amount below the saturation point for NaCl in the solution to avoid contaminating the KCl with solid NaCl. The KCl crystals are recycled back to the K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 reactors as a source of KCl. The "salting out" step eliminates an energy-intensive submerged combustion evaporation step from the K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 recovery process and consequently reduces atmospheric emissions.

Abstract: A spreading apparatus comprising a large hopper disposed above a series of integral mini-hoppers. Each mini-hopper includes positive metering discharge means for uniformly distributing granular materials containing ingredients of mixed densities such as blended fertilizers.

Abstract: An improved method of defluorinating wet process phosphoric acid using silica-containing dust which is obtained as a waste product collected from the fumes of a submerged arc furnace process of making silicon metal alloys. The silica-containing dust has a very small particle size, and contains at least about 60% by weight silica (SiO.sub.2), and has a very high surface/mass ratio which increases the efficiency of the defluorination reaction.The defluorination reaction using this silica-containing fume takes less time than required using prior methods employing diatomaceous earth as the silica source. The presence of silicon metal alloy particles in the dust are thought to have a catalytic effect on the defluorination reaction.

Abstract: A method of administering micronutrients to animals over extended periods by subcutaneous implant. Important micronutrients, including iron, copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, silicon, iodine, biotin, vitamins E and B.sub.12 are supplied conveniently, and in positive, predetermined amounts by means of subcutaneously implanted pellets containing the micronutrient and a suitable excipient to provide controlled release of the micronutrient over an extended period of time. One example comprises iron dextran in combination with a lactose, fibrin, or other suitable excipient, in the form of a pellet which is subcutaneously implanted behind the ear of piglets to supply sufficient iron for optimum growth and to avoid iron-deficiency anemia. Important trace elements which may also be administered in carefully controlled amounts in suitable salt forms by the method of this invention include nickel, tin, vanadium, fluorine and arsenic.

Abstract: A particulate filter medium for collecting finely dispersed particles from a circulating gas stream. The filter medium comprises a gas flow zone consisting essentially of gas permeable particles of the same material as the finely dispersed solid particles to be collected. The finely dispersed particles are generated by granular product blending operations of dry granular materials such as fertilizers, chemicals, animal feeds and clays.A substantial saving in filter material renewal costs is realized by adding the spent filter medium to the product stream, and simply replacing the spent filter medium with fresh, granular particles of the product having a capacity to collect finely dispersed solid particles from the circulating gas stream.

Abstract: A method for drying, curing and mining bentonite clay in a clay pit wherein that overburden of non-clay material which may exist is removed and the surface of the bentonite ore body is tilled to loosen or break up a tier of the bentonite to expose it to the natural drying and curing effects of the atmosphere, the dried and cured tier of bentonite is removed thus exposing another tier of uncured bentonite, which is again tilled for drying and curing, and the process is repeated until the bentonite ore body is exhausted.

Abstract: A method for improving the physical properties of a platey-type clay, which comprises first adding about 1-10% by weight of an activator substance, such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, zinc sulfate, or nickel carbonate, and thereafter compacting the treated clay to obtain improved physical properties, including improved viscosity characteristics, fluid loss and reduction in fines. The process upgrades the properties of poor quality smectite clays so that they can be used in foundry moldwash binders, drilling muds and water impedance applications, such as for sealing ponds, slurry trenches and sanitary landfills.