Abstract: Polyester polymers and copolyester polymers incorporating flame retardant amounts of cyclotri (or tetra) phosphazenes. These cyclotri (or tetra) phosphazenes can be added at the start of ester interchange, prior to, for example polycondensation and conventional melt spinning, or if desired, after polycondensation but before melt spinning. Specific examples of cyclotriphosphazenes and cyclotetraphosphazenes are hexa(dialkylphosphinylmethyleneoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, octa(dialkylphosphinylmethyleneoxy)cyclotetraphosphazene, tris(alkylphosphinyldimethyleneoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, tetra(alkylphosphinyldimethyleneoxy)cyclotetraphosphazene, hexa(dialkylphosphinylmethylene)cyclotriphosphazene, and octa(dialkylphosphinylmethylene)cyclotetraphosphazene.

Abstract: Polyester/polyether segmented copolymers are stabilized against degradation by UV light via copolymerization with novel diesters and/or bis-hydroxyalkyl terminated derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of certain co-solvents in cellulose amine N-oxide solutions, which co-solvents increase the cellulose dissolution rate; lower the temperatures necessary to reasonably form a solution; lower the viscosity of the solution; provide solutions with improved color, amine oxide stability, and cellulose stability, provide a solution with improved flow characteristics; increase solution processability, e.g. wet spinning; permit the replacement of amine oxides by a less expensive co-solvent; and are recoverable and reusable in cellulose dissolution and processing.The co-solvents of the invention comprise compounds, miscible with cellulose-dissolving amine N-oxides, containing primary, or combinations of primary and secondary, amino groups wherein the amino groups are bonded to alkyl, alicyclic, dialkyl ether or alkyl/alicyclic radical(s) and wherein the number of carbon atoms divided by the number of primary amino groups is approximately equal to or less than 4; or#C/#NH.sub.2 .

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent nylon-polyvinyl alcohol shaped articles by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and a nylon having an amide group index of less than about 145 in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water, with the solution containing from about 3.0 to about 11% water, to form a biconstituent dispersion wherein the nylon and the polyvinyl alcohol comprise distinct separate phases. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent nylon-cellulose shaped articles by dissolving a nylon having an amide group index of less than about 145, in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water, containing from about 0.5% to about 11% water based on the weight of the solution; separately forming a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide solvent containing from about 0.8 to about 29% water based on the weight of the solution and then interdispersing the two solutions to form a biconstituent dispersion. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated biconstituent cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol shaped articles by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide solvent containing from about 0.8 to about 29% water to form a biconstituent dispersion wherein the cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol comprise distinct phases, preferably with the two solutions codispersed within each other. Shaped articles can be formed from the biconstituent dispersions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making certain precipitated nylons by dissolving a nylon having an amide group index of less than 145, in a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide solvent and water. The nylon solutions of the invention contain from about 0.5% to about 11% water. Shaped articles can be formed from the solutions of the invention.

Abstract: A composition and process are provided for making precipitated hydroxyethyl cellulose by dissolving a hydroxyethyl cellulose having a molar substitution of less than 1.0, and a degree of substitution of less than about 0.64 in mixture of water and a tertiary amine oxide solvent, to provide a solution containing from about 10% to about 28% water. Shaped articles can be formed from the solutions of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates from formamides wherein a formamide corresponding to the formula R--NHCHO).sub.n, where R is an organic group and n is 1 or 2, is oxidized with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature in the range of 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper and/or one or more metals of the Groups IB and VIII of the 5th and 6th period of the Periodic System of Elements to yield the corresponding isocyanate R (NCO).sub.n where R and n have the same meaning as above, and the resultant gaseous isocyanate containing reaction mixture is subjected to a separation process to separate the product isocyanate from water of reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing shaped catalysts or carriers mainly containing titanium oxide and improved in mechanical strength which comprises calcining a material mainly comprising titanium oxide or a substance convertible into titanium oxide on calcination in the presence of metatitanic acid sol or gel, said metatitanic acid sol being the one prepared by deflocculation of metatitanic acid obtained in the course of the production of titanium oxide according to a conventional sulfuric acid process and said metatitanic acid gel being the one prepared by adjusting said metatitanic acid sol to pH 1 or higher.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aqueous dispersions of polymer-encapsulated insecticides (e.g., phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates) wherein xanthan gum is used as a dispersing agent. It has been found that by use of the xanthan gum, the aqueous dispersions are highly stable, even for periods as long as two years or more.