Abstract: A system for drying a moving sheet includes a housing, support means connected to the housing to support heater bulbs adjacent to moving sheet and a power supply connected to the bulbs. The heater bulbs are located so that at least part of the radiation from each of the bulbs travels directly to the sheet without passing through another bulb while from a plurality of bulbs part of the radiation travels in a straight line to the sheet and before reaching the sheet the radiation passes between two other bulbs without passing through another bulb.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring the color of a sample material, and the system includes means for illuminating the sample and a sensor to measure light from the sample. The system also includes sample backing means to receive light transmitted by the sample and reflect the light back to the sample.

Abstract: A process for controlling a parameter based upon sampled data X(i) is disclosed. The process includes sampling the data x(i), repeatedly determining filtered data y(i) based upon two filter factors and controlling the parameter based upon y(i).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling the shape of a metal strip being rolled between two rolls. The process includes measuring the shape of the strip, spraying cooling fluid on the rolls, and controlling the spraying of cooling fluid according to a duty cycle.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for standardization a basis weight gauge for measuring the weight per unit area of sheet material. The method includes the calibration steps of obtaining two calibration curves, one of which is displaced from the other by a dirt simulation technique.The displacement between the two curves is expressed as a third curve. A standard sample of a pre-determined basis weight is inserted in the radiation path to provide a standard shft in conjunction with the dirt simulation to provide a reference value for the displacement function curve. During operation of the basis weight gauge, standardization is provided by relating a current standard shift to the initial standard shift to correct the displacement function curve, based upon the value of the third curve at a point corresponding to a measured transmission ratio.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring the velocity of vibrations in a moving web, such as a sheet of paper. The system includes a transmitter coupled to the paper to transmit waves and a receiver to receive the waves. A signal processing system is used to determine the velocity.

Abstract: A process is provided for controlling a thickness regulating member such as a slice lip coupled to slice rods. The process includes determining the desired configuration of the slice lip and determing the required slice rod movements based upon physical characteristics of the slice lip and the slice rods.

Abstract: A system for measuring the values of a parameter of a sheet of material is provided. The system includes a head system with sensors mounted therein and a distance correction system to correct the measured parameter for variations in the distance between parts of the head system.

Abstract: A system is provided to receive and process information including a processor, an operator station and an interconnect processor. The interconnect processor is coupled to the processor by a first bus, and the interconnect processor is coupled to the operator station by a second bus.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for determining tuning constants of a process control loop, the loop including a process control module, an actuator and a controlled process. The disclosed process includes making a series of changes to the target value of the actuator while measuring corresponding changes in the output of the controlled process. Certain calculations are applied to the information to determine the tuning constants, and the constants are applied to the control module.

Abstract: A system and process for controlling a boiler is disclosed. The system includes a television camera mounted above the reciprocable grate of the boiler to locate craters in solid fuel on the grate and an actuator to vary an operating parameter of the furnace according to the location of the craters.

Abstract: A gas measuring device has a source capable of emitting a beam of radiation aligned to impinge a detector. A housing means encloses the beam. The housing means has a plurality of apertures permitting the gas to enter the housing means, to intercept the beam, and to exit from the housing means. The device further comprises means to control the amount of thermal radiation reaching the detector.

Abstract: A process for modifying a paper machine headbox manually-adjustable slice rod assembly. The slice rod assembly is cut and a fluid actuator is inserted to permit the assembly to be operated by the fluid actuator in combination with a screw jack.

Abstract: A process for controlling a calciner system is disclosed wherein the temperatures of the calcined product and the flue gas, and the rate of fuel flow to the burner are measured. A fuel flow set point is determined from the product and flue gas temperatures and the rate of fuel flow to the burner is controlled to the set point.

Abstract: A system and process for calibrating a computer-based combustion gas analyzer is disclosed. The process includes introducing a series of gas samples into the analyzer, each sample containing a known concentration of a particular gas. The output of the analyzer is recorded and compared with the known gas concentrations to compute calibration coefficients which are used to calibrate the analyzer.

Abstract: A system and process is provided for controlling a steam generation and distribution system including a plurality of headers. Each of the headers is coupled to steam using devices such as steam turbines and steam supplying devices such as boilers. The process includes measuring the pressure at each header and when the pressure changes, identifying each path beginning at the particular header and terminating at a boiler, and determining the alteration of a boiler and any particular steam turbines required to restore the required pressure at the header while doing so at the least incremental cost.

Abstract: A gas analyzer capable of measuring select properties of gas includes a source for emitting a beam of radiation and a detector for receiving the radiation, with the beam aligned to impinge the detector. A housing for enclosing the beam has two apertures permitting the gas to enter the housing through one of the apertures to intercept the beam, and to exit from the housing through the other aperture. Nozzles capable of generating fluid curtains are positioned to intercept the beam and are positioned to define a zone in the housing within which zone the gas is confined.

Abstract: In a recovery boiler having a plurality of air inputs, with the primary air input closest to the bed of the boiler, a fuel input, a smelt output, and an exhaust output, a method of controlling the combustion of fuel in the boiler to operate at the maximum reduction efficiency. The method includes the steps of measuring the amount of sulphur dioxide at the exhaust output; and varying the amount of air entering into the boiler through the primary air input until the minimum amount of sulphur dioxide is measured at the exhaust output.

Abstract: An apparatus to measure select properties such as color, brightness or gloss, of a moving sheet, is insensitive to flutter in the sheet. The apparatus comprises a housing to one side of said sheet. A source is located in the housing; the source is capable of emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation which is aligned to impinge the sheet. The radiation is selected such that it is capable of being absorbed and being reflected by the select properties of the sheet. A collector is also located in the housing; the collector is capable of receiving a portion of the beam reflected from the sheet. A detector capable of measuring the select properties of the sheet based upon the radiation received by the collector is also provided. The housing is held at a constant distance from the sheet by a stream of fluid from the housing directed to impinge the sheet in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet. A standardization member is to the other side of the sheet.

Abstract: A method of controlling the opacity of the exhaust of the combustion of solid fuel and air in a furnace comprises measuring the opacity of the exhaust. The amount of air and the direction (i.e., increase or decrease) entering into the furnace is changed. The opacity of the exhaust is measured again. The later measured value of opacity is compared to the earlier measured value. The amount of air entering into the furnace is controlled based upon the comparison.