Abstract: A surgical apparatus includes an orientation sensor that detects an actual orientation of a surgical tool. The apparatus also includes an orientation feedback device that selectively provides an orientation feedback signal. Moreover, the apparatus includes a controller that causes the orientation feedback device to provide the orientation feedback signal when the actual orientation of the surgical tool detected by the orientation sensor is substantially equal to a predetermined target orientation of the surgical tool.

Abstract: A prosthesis for replacing a knee joint between a femur and a tibia can include a femoral component having a first condylar portion, a second condylar portion, a first sidewall and a second sidewall that collectively comprise a first hinge portion. A tibial component can have a first engagement portion formed thereon. A bearing can have an articulating inferior surface adapted to articulate along the bearing. The bearing can have an opening. A yoke can have an inferior portion and superior portion, the superior portion having an axle that comprises a second hinge portion. The inferior portion can have a second engagement portion and be configured to at least partially pass through the opening. The femoral component is operable to rotate relative to the tibial component about a superior/inferior axis a first rotational distance until the first and second engagement portions engage each other and inhibit further rotation.

Abstract: A guide is disclosed for use in performing spinal surgery to prepare across a spinal disc and adjacent vertebrae an implantation space. The guide is associated with a computer controlled surgical navigation system employing an energy-detecting array to track positions of the guide in three dimensional space relative to a known reference point. The guide includes a body for providing protected access to prepare across the spinal disc and into the adjacent vertebrae the implantation space. The body has a passage adapted to receive a bone removal device for forming the implantation space through the body. At least one electrically energizable energy emitter array is attached to the body for use in identifying the location of the guide relative to the adjacent vertebrae. A system and method for using the guide in spinal surgery are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of making and resultant compositions thereof, which include copper-oxalyldihydrazide-based complexes, such as pyrotechnic compositions, gas generants, and ignition materials, which are useful, for example, in inflatable restraint systems. Synthesis of one or more copper-oxalyldihydrazide complexes with nitrate and/or hydroxide counter ions provides a composition that may auto-ignite at a low enough temperature to be based with thermally sensitive gas generants. The present copper-oxalyldihydrazide complexes may also be used in conjunction with various oxidizers to produce compositions with sufficient energy to auto-ignite practically any known pyrotechnic composition.

Abstract: A safety device for a storage rack can include a length of webbing configured to span across a rear side of the storage rack. A sensor device can be coupled to one end of the webbing and a signaling device can be configured to communicate with the sensor device. The signaling device can include a selectively actuatable alert indicator. The sensor device can be operable to sense an increase in tension in the webbing when an item is placed in a position on the storage rack so as to engage the webbing. The sensor device can generate a signal indicative of the increase in tension and communicate the signal to the signaling device. The signaling device can be operable to actuate the at least one alert indicator responsive to the communicated signal so as to provide an indication of a position of the item relative to the storage rack.

Abstract: A soft tissue repair assembly. The assembly includes a flexible member having first and second ends, and a strand passing through the flexible member. The strand has first and second strand ends extending through the flexible member, such that pulling at least one of the first and second strand ends changes the flexible member from a first shape suitable for insertion through soft tissue to a second shape suitable for securely lodging the soft tissue repair assembly relative to soft tissue.

Abstract: Solid-state deformation processing of crosslinked high molecular weight polymers such as UHMWPE, for example by extrusion below the melt transition, produces materials with a desirable combination of physical and chemical properties. Crosslinked bulk materials are heated to a compression deformable temperature, and pressure is applied to change a transverse dimension of the material. After cooling and stress relieving, a treated bulk material is obtained that has enhanced tensile strength in the axial direction orthogonal to the dimension change. In preferred embodiments, medical implant bearing materials are machined from the treated bulk material with the in vivo load bearing axis substantially parallel or coincident with the axial direction of the treated bulk material.

Abstract: A gripping tool includes a pair of handles and a resilient element integrally formed with and connecting the pair of handles. An opening is defined on at least one of the pair of handles or the resilient element. The opening is adapted to receive an article to be gripped. One of the handles of the pair of handles comprises a jaw adapted to grip the article against at least one of the other handle of the pair of handles or the resilient member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fixing a selected graft relative to a selected anatomical portion. An anchor may be provided that may be interconnected with a selected graft portion that is operable to pass through a selected bore and then moved into an operable position to engage a selected portion of the bore to substantially eliminate the possibility of the graft moving in an unselected direction through the bore. In addition, a spacer member may be used to expand a selected portion of the graft to reduce localized stress and may increase ingrowth into a selected bony portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a method for pre-charging the same, the semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cell array blocks, each having a plurality of memory cells connected between respective bit line pairs and respective word line pairs, a plurality of pairs of data input/output lines connected to the respective bit line pairs for transferring data, a first pre-charge circuit for pre-charging the bit line pairs to a first pre-charge voltage during a first operation, a second pre-charge circuit for pre-charging the data input/output line pairs and the first pre-charge voltage to the first pre-charge voltage during the first operation, a plurality of third pre-charge circuits, each being disabled in the first operation and pre-charges the data input/output line pairs in the corresponding memory cell array blocks to a second pre-charge voltage during a second operation, and a discharging circuit for lowering the first pre-charge voltage when the first pre-charge voltage is greater

Abstract: A process for preparing enantiomerically enriched tetrahydrobenzothipeine oxides comprises cyclizing an enantiomerically enriched aryl-3-propanalsulfoxide wherein the sulfur atom of the aryl-3-propanalsulfoxide is a chiral center.

Abstract: A refresh operation in a PSRAM device to hidden-refresh an internal memory cell by using a refresh pulse signal may be controlled by forming a dummy duration for the refresh operation in a read/write cycle, reducing the dummy duration when the refresh pulse signal is not generated, and delaying the read/write cycle until the refresh operation is completed, when the refresh pulse signal is generated. The dummy duration may be reduced by a given amount during a period in which the refresh operation is not being performed, while the dummy duration may be increased in period of time subject to the refresh operation.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal film including forming a metal barrier layer on a surface of a substrate, on a bottom surface of a recess and on sidewalls of the recess, forming a first metal film on the substrate but not in the recess, treating the first metal film with nitrogen plasma to form an insulation film including nitrogen, forming a second metal film on a portion of the metal barrier layer in the recess, and forming a third metal film on the substrate, the recess and the insulation film.

Abstract: A system and method for producing 18F-Fluoride by using a proton beam to irradiate 18Oxygen in gaseous form. The irradiated 18Oxygen is contained in a chamber that includes at least one component to which the produced 18F-Fluoride adheres. A solvent dissolves the produced 18F-Fluoride off of the at least one component while it is in the chamber. The solvent is then processed to obtain the 18F-Fluoride.

Abstract: A light-receiving circuit of an optical coupling device may include a dummy photodiode arranged in a vicinity of a photodiode. The dummy photodiode and photodiode may convert received optical signals to photoelectric current. Amplified photoelectric current outputs from current-to-voltage converting amplifiers may be compared and subjected to waveform shaping by a hysterisis comparator for improving a common mode rejection ratio. Negative feedback paths and/or circuits of the converting amplifiers may include impedance variable circuits. The impedance variable circuits may reduce impedance based on the level of the input photoelectric current.

Abstract: An intake pressure detecting device for detecting the intake pressure in an intake pipe as information for controlling the operational state of an engine includes an intake pressure detecting sensor for detecting the absolute pressure of the intake air. It further includes a reference voltage power supply for supplying a prescribed reference voltage Vref and a differential amplifier for amplifying the differential between the output voltage Vin from the intake pressure detecting sensor and the reference voltage Vref of the reference voltage power supply. Further, an A/D converter is included for converting the analogue signal output by the differential amplifier to a digital signal. Thereby, the intake pressure can be detected to a high degree of accuracy in a two-cycle engine, for example, which has a relatively low intake negative pressure, while achieving cost reductions.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and method of reading data from the semiconductor memory device is described. The semiconductor memory device may generate a data read clock signal that changes from a first logic state to a second logic state, and may read out bit cell data from a plurality of bit lines based on the generated data read clock signal. A word line signal and a dummy word line signal may be activated from the first logic state to the second logic state based on incoming X-address signals and Y-address signals. An enable signal may be output based on the activated dummy word signal, and a sense amplifier may sense the read-out bit cell data and a reference signal based on the activated enable signal, and output a corresponding to the sensed read-out bit cell data.

Abstract: A device arrangement includes a number of series installation devices which can be snapped onto a mounting rail by way of a snap-action slide interacting with a slide actuator. It further includes the synchronous actuation of a plurality of snap-action slides, a comb-like coupling part which is connected in captive fashion to the slide actuator. Such parts are to be coupled and include a coupling web which runs transversely to a number of joining arms and connects the latter.

Abstract: A mask for estimating aberration in a projection lens system of an exposure apparatus. The mask includes a mask substrate and mask patterns arranged on the mask substrate such that a critical dimension (CD), represented by the width of each of the mask patterns, and a phase of the mask patterns have a size proportional to a SINC function. Preferably the distance between the centers of the mask patterns is substantially uniform. The size and phase of light transmitted to the projection lens system during an exposure step are substantially uniform such that the aberration value in each portion of the projection lens system depending on each of the mask patterns is substantially not distorted and is substantially uniform.

Abstract: A system for navigating a catheter probe through a body cavity includes a sensing coil affixed to a distal end of the probe. Magnetic fields are projected into the body cavity to induce voltage signals in the sensing coil that are sufficient to describe the orientation and position of the probe. A set of magnetic coils each generates a substantially uniform field in a single respective dimension. The orientation angles of the sensing coil may be determined from known values of the unidirectional fields and the measured induced voltage signals. Gradient magnetic fields with components in two dimensions are projected into the body cavity to induce another group of voltage signals. The geometrical intersection of constant voltage surfaces developed by certain gradient fields that produce the measured induced voltage signals is a set of lines on which the catheter is located. The point of intersection of such lines yields the positional coordinates.