Abstract: The invention is a process for producing hydrocarbons from hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a particulate solid catalyst and a substantially inert liquid medium. This reaction takes place in a reactor vessel adapted for the reaction of gases in the presence of a substantially inert liquid medium and a bed of solid particulate catalyst. The hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas are introduced at a plurality of locations within the reactor vessel. Bubbles of gas flow upward through the bed of solid catalyst particles and substantially inert liquid medium at sufficient velocity to expand the bed to a volume greater than its static volume. This velocity creates a turbulent reaction zone wherein liquid, gas, and solid catalyst are present and are in a state of motion.

Abstract: A process of the conversion of a heavy hydrocarbon into a lighter hydrocarbon utilizing a soluble transition metal salt and synthesis gas which includes soot particles and other impurities is disclosed. The inclusion of solid particles, such as soot, carbon black, silica fines has been found to decrease the formation of sediment during the reaction process.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the temperature of a gasification reactor using an optical pyrometer is disclosed. In one embodiment the apparatus may include a feed injector adapted to receive light conduits. The feed injector (2) includes a feed injector tip (6) having an opening, the feed injector tip being in fluid communication with a feed inlet (8) and a flange connector (4), the flange connector being in optical alignment with the opening of the feed injector tip. A blind flange (10) should be sized to fit on the flange connector of the feed injector and thereby form a gas pressure resistant seal. A pressure sealing gland (12) is fitted in the blind flange such that a light conduit (22a or 22b) can pass through the blind flange and that the receiving end of the light conduit extends into the feed injector such that the light receiving end of the light conduit is in optical alignment with the opening of the feed injector tip.