Abstract: A compact portable pocket brush has retractable bristles arrayed in groups attached to a plurality of bristle group holders or supports mounted upon pivot pins in a brush case. The top wall of the case has a plurality of downwardly sloping apertures respectively located in alignment with each bristle group in the brush. The bristle group pivot pins are pivotably mounted upon a slide in the bottom of the case. When the slide is moved between two positions, each bristle group is pivoted between a retracted position in which it is enclosed within the case and an erect position wherein the bristles extend through the openings in the top wall of the case. When in the erect position all of the bristle groups are locked in a rigid vertical position by the engagement between the periphery of the holes and a portion of the bristle group holder so that the brushes can be used.

Abstract: A cleaning tape used for cleaning the surface of a magnetic recording head of a tape recorder or the like consists of a substrate and a cleaning layer. The cleaning layer contains two kinds of particles. One kind of particles has a small diameter and a high hardness, and the other has a large diameter and a low hardness.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the amplitude of vibration of a vibrating object consists of a first optical system for periodically projecting the image of a grating onto the vibrating object and second optical system having an optical axis intersecting that of the first optical system in the vicinity of the object, for sharing the image projected on and reflected from the object and recording the shared image on a photographic film. The measurement of the amplitude is obtained in the form of a moire pattern.

Abstract: A batch type digester for wood chips in which a stream of wood chips is delivered into the center of the top of the digester tank, while liquor is being delivered through a pair of pipes at the top of the tank. Simultaneous with the delivery of the wood chips and liquor, a steam vortex is formed in the upper part of the tank by a plurality of steam jets which are directed downwardly and tangentially and form spiral flow paths below the streams of chips and liquor. The wood chips and liquor are dispersed together and the liquor thoroughly wets the chips. The chips produce a substantially even layer as they fall to the bottom of the tank. The steam vortex maintains a negative relative pressure zone which promotes the dispersion of the stream of chips and the liquor.

Abstract: A view finder mounted on a focusing plate of a reflex camera in which light coming through a taking lens of the camera is reflected upward by a mirror and an image of the object is focused on a focusing plate horizontally located above the mirror. A first mirror is provided above the focusing plate to reflect the light from the focusing plate in parallel to the optical axis of the taking lens of the camera. A second mirror is provided optically behind the first mirror to reflect the light from the first mirror at right angle upwardly or sidewardly. The second mirror is rotatable at right angle about the optical axis of the light from the first mirror to change the direction of reflection. Either the first or second mirror has a roof prism to reverse the right and left of the image reflected thereby. Behind the second mirror is located a magnifier through which the image can be viewed.

Abstract: In a magnetic tape magazine of small size containing a thin tape for long play, one of a pair of guide walls is provided between a fixed guide pin and a rotatable guide roller on either side of the tape retaining section of the interior space of the magazine. The guide walls are made of non-magnetizable material and have a smooth flat surface to smoothly guide the tape and prevent the tape from winding around the rotatable guide rollers or being distorted while being fed in a recording or reproducing operation. A partition is provided in the tape magazine to divide the interior of the magazine into a tape retaining section and a recording and reproducing section. Between both ends of the partition and the rotatable guide rollers are provided additional guide walls.

Abstract: An exposure control circuit for a camera is provided with a temperature compensating circuit. The temperature compensating circuit has a compensable range. When the ambient temperature of the camera is beyond the compensable range, the shutter release mechanism is automatically locked to prevent the shutter release.

Abstract: A shutter device for a photographic camera uses an electromagnetic driving means for moving back and forth shutter blades to admit light rays to the film for a controlled length of time. In spite of the use of the electromagnetic driving means the shutter blades can be driven at the same and high speed. If the electromagnetic driving means is operatively connected to a light intensity measuring circuit, the program-control of exposure can be performed.

Abstract: An articulated tube structure to be arranged next to the head of a fiberoptic endoscope to permit same to be tilted in either of four different directions by manipulation of pull wires. The tube structure comprises a series of relatively short elementary tubes each having two pairs of lugs on its opposite ends which are angularly displaced 90.degree. from each other. These elementary tubes are jointed in spaced end-to-end relationship by wire support members passing through their overlapped lugs. The wire support members have holes in their ends located inside the tube structure, and the pull wires extend through the holes with clearance. A recessed inner tube can be nested in each elementary tube to eliminate unevenness of the internal surfaces of the tube structure.

Abstract: When loading liquefied gas in a non-cooled skirt-supported tank the transitional area between the tank wall and the skirt is cooled down by direct cooling. Cooling arrangements for such cooling are disclosed.

Abstract: A reel for an anchor rope or line on a boat having springs to rewind the rope or the like. One or more springs may be used, although several small springs are preferred. Any particular size of reel may require a different number of springs for various sizes and weights of ropes which may be wound. When less than the maximum number of springs is required, a spacer is used to replace the unnecessary spring or springs without any other change in the reel construction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating saponified tall oil or soap from black liquor which has been stored in an open pond. During such storage, the tall oil saponifies into soap, and the soap separates somewhat and a portion of it settles with the lignin to the bottom of the pond. A submerged propeller is operated by an internal combustion engine on a boat and directs a liquid and gas stream into the layer of liquid soap "sludge" so that the soap is whipped and dispersed. The whipping action causes the soap particles to agglomerage so as to form larger soap portions. The propeller also produces small bubbles of air which become attached to the soap portions thus aiding them in floating to the pond surface. The soap forms in a layer and is pushed along the liquid surface into a discharge tank from which it is pumped to a tank truck. The soap is then hauled to a plant where it is processed.

Abstract: A system and method for removing colloidal suspensions or particles from a liquid, in particular tall oil soap particles from black liquor of a wood pulping process. Black liquid is moved along a flow path from an upstream to a downstream zone. First and second electrical conductors are respectively located in the upstream and downstream zones and means are provided for applying opposite electrical potentials to these conductors. For removal of anionic colloids, the first conductor is made positive and the second conductor negative. Thus, colloidal particles in the liquid having a relative potential opposite to the potential of the first conductor are attracted towards the first conductor as the liquid flows through the upstream zone, and some of the ions attached to some of these particles are stripped off by the electrical field, leaving these particles with a potential of the opposite polarity from particles not so affected.

Abstract: A transparent liquid container half-filled with opaque liquid is provided in front of a film in a camera body to cover a small portion of the area of a single frame. The shadow of the opaque liquid is recorded on the film when a focal plane shutter is opened to expose the film to take a picture. Alternatively, an arrow shaped rotatable member having a weighted tail end is provided in front of the film. The shadow of the opaque liquid or that of the arrow shaped member indicates the top and bottom of the picture recorded on the film.

Abstract: In an exposure control circuit for a camera including a digital control circuit, a crystal oscillator is used as a pulse generator. Between the crystal oscillator and the power source is connected a small current supply circuit for constantly supplying a small current to the crystal oscillator for constantly maintaining the oscillator in a stable condition.

Abstract: A method for producing zircaloy tubes from hollows or workpieces which are in the form of tubes having greater wall thickness than the finished tubes. The method is carried out upon a mill of the general type known as a McKay rocker which has a stationary tapered mandrel, but the mandrel is cylindrical and is moved with the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously removing agglomerable particles from a liquid, such as for example tall oil soap particles from the black liquor formed in a wood pulping process, are disclosed wherein a substantially continuous stream of the liquor is supplied to a first container wherein the liquor is whipped in the presence of air to agglomerate soap particles into particles of substantially larger size. The foam is then removed from the first container, near the top of the container, and supplied in a deaerating apparatus which deaerates the foam and produces a mixture of liquid and agglomerated soap particles. This mixture is then supplied to a skimming tank wherein the soap particles float to the top of the tank and are removed while liquid is drained from the bottom of the container.

Abstract: A plurality of bags filled with a product, which bags are to be stacked one upon the other so that the adjacent surfaces of the bags are pressed together by the weight of the upper bags pressing downwardly thereon, are coated with a coating means for controlling the friction between the coating means and the coextensive supporting surface of the adjacent bag. The coating means is adapted to become increasingly adhesive and cohesive when subjected to pressure, but with the cohesion and adhesion decreasing upon removal of the pressure so that the cohesion and adhesion between the supporting surfaces of the top two bags in the stack and the cohesion and adhesion between each pair of coextensive supporting surfaces is greater than the next pair above it by virtue of the increased weight of the product and the bag between them. As a result, the removal of the top bag in the stack produces a decrease in the cohesion and adhesion between the remaining bags in the stack.

Abstract: An equapoised lamp comprising a lamp head mounted upon an arm assembly which is counterbalanced by springs enclosed within square tubes which are components of the arm assembly. The arm assembly has a lower pair of parallel arms which are pivoted at their lower ends to a swivel bracket which turns about a vertical axis in a fixed bracket. Each of those arms is pivoted at its upper end to a floating bracket which has pivoted to it a similar upper pair of parallel arms. A lamp assembly is mounted upon the other end of the upper pair of arms by a universal joint assembly. The arms are tubular, and each pair forms a parallelogram by virtue of the pivotal connections with the respective brackets. A coil spring is enclosed within one of each pair of tubes which exerts a counterbalancing effect upon its pair of arms. A nylon shoe is mounted upon the free end of each spring and enclosed within the tube. The shoe transmits the counterbalancing force from the spring to the adjacent bracket.