Abstract: An externally heated engine is provided which has at least two pistons. The first piston has a first side (working side) and a second side opposite the first side. The first side of the first piston and the first cylinder define a first working chamber containing working fluid. The second side of the first piston and the first cylinder define a first opposite chamber containing an opposing fluid. A heater heats the working fluid in the first cylinder. Preferably, the cylinder is heated by a heat source so that the working fluid has a temperature of no more than 500° Fahrenheit with a temperature difference between the heat source and the working fluid of less than 5° Fahrenheit. The second piston reciprocates within a second cylinder, and has a first side (working side) and a second side opposite the first side. The first side and the cylinder define a working chamber containing working fluid. The second side of the piston and the cylinder define a second opposite chamber containing an opposing fluid.

Abstract: A method of reducing the symptoms of allergy including exposing the patient to the allergenic substance in containers and applying an electrical stimulus device to acupuncture meridian points on the patient's body to clear blockages in the flow of life-energy of the patient. The electrical signal acts as a carrier for the natural frequency of the allergen, exposing the patient to the natural frequency of the allergen, carried by the electrical signal.

Abstract: An improved method for producing a thin layer having highly uniform thickness, which layer may be pre-coated on an undulating surface of a substrate element. A working layer of the material is formed having a thickness greater than the final thickness desired. An areal (XY) determination of working layer thickness is made by ellipsometry, laser interferometry, or x-ray diffraction, or other known means. A map of thicknesses to be removed from the free surface of the working layer is entered into the control system of a magnetorheological finishing apparatus. The working layer is mounted on a workpiece holder of the apparatus and correctly indexed to the machine. The machine then removes material by magnetorheological finishing as instructed by the control system to leave a residual layer having a very high degree of thickness uniformity at a nominal average thickness and a very high surface integrity.

Abstract: An array of unbalanced magnetrons arranged around a centrally-located space for sputter coating of material from target electrodes in the magnetrons onto a substrate disposed in the space. The electrodes are powered in pairs by an alternating voltage and current source. The unbalances magnetrons, which may be planar, cylindrical, or conical, are arranged in mirror configuration such that like poles are opposed across the substrate space or are adjacent on the same side of the substrate space. The magnetrons are all identical in magnetic polarity. A positive plasma potential produced by the AC driver prevents electrons from escaping to ground along the unclosed field lines, increasing plasma density in the background working gas and thereby improving the quality of coating being deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: Jet-induced finishing of a substrate surface includes means for covering the surface with an abrasive liquid slurry and means for impinging a jet of fluid, either a gas or a liquid, against the slurry to create a high-shear work zone on the substrate surface whereby portions of the substrate are lifted and removed to alter the shape of the surface towards a predetermined shape and/or smoothness. The surface may be covered as by cascading a flowing layer of slurry over it or by impinging slurry onto the work zone or by immersing the substrate in a pool of the slurry. A nozzle for dispensing the jet fluid is precisely located at a predetermined distance and angle from the surface to be finished. A coarse removal function is provided by disposing the nozzle tip at a first distance from the substrate surface, and a fine removal function is provided by disposing the nozzle closer to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A golf bag is provided with a dual strap carrying device designed so that the golf bag may be suspended from both shoulders. The golf bag is oriented transversely across the back of the wearer and includes a liquid refreshment pocket for holding a bottle in an upright position accessible to the hand of the wearer. For example, when worn by a right handed user, the bottle pocket, which is on top of or near the ball pocket is easily accessible to the wearer's left hand. The bottle will be held in an upright position adjacent the wearer's left side for right handed golfers, and may be reached by the left hand without difficulty. The bottle pocket is configured to tightly hold the bottle against the bag, such that the bottle is in an upright position when the bag is worn across the back. The bottle pocket could include vent holes for draining any condensation or other liquid which collects in the bottle pocket. The bottle pocket is sized to fit standard size bottles.

Abstract: An electrical cable connector comprises a connector box, electrical contacts (2), to which electrical conductors of a cable (5) can be connected, and a strain relief device clasping a clamp (11) that annularly surrounds cable (5) and that can be tightly pressed against cable (5) by screwing a clamp sleeve (13) on a thread (8, 17) designed at the rear end of the connector box.

Abstract: A system for determining pipe wall thickness includes a supporting framework removably attachable to the outer surface of a pipe or pipe covering and supportive of an x-ray film holder. The holder and an x-radiation source are disposed on opposite sides of the pipe in a first plane which includes the axis of the pipe. The source may be moved along the axial plane to make successive exposures of the pipe on a single piece of film. Each image includes both the upper-and lower side walls of the pipe. The film holder may be radially indexed to the pipe on the supporting framework so that the film holder and source may be disposed successively in a plurality of other axial planes radially displaced from the first axial plane. For each plane, a fresh piece of film is installed in the holder.

Abstract: A system for protecting a cable connector, and especially an RJ-45 cable connector, from damage or abuse during use with a chassis receptacle. A cylindrical carrier housing for the connector contains a transverse septum having a shaped opening for receiving and positioning the connector within the housing. A radially-compressible chuck on the cable compresses to grip the cable. A boot on the cable and protrudes from the housing through an overriding bushing threadedly connected to the housing. The boot isolates the cable from flexural stresses. When the bushing is tightened onto the housing, the boot is urged toward the housing, radially compressing the chuck onto the cable. Longitudinal stresses on the cable are therefore isolated from the connector and are transferred instead to the housing. A mating chassis receptacle is receivable of the connector and has an annular groove on an axial face thereof for receiving and rotationally positioning the housing for insertion into the receptacle.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating a mixture of mineral substrate particles and hydrocarbon compounds, especially tar sands and contaminated soils, to recover a hydrocarbon portion and a cleaned substrate portion. In a preferably continuous process, hydrocarbonaceous rock, sand, ore, or soil containing bitumen, petroleum, and/or kerogen is crushed or otherwise comminuted as needed to the particle size of sand or smaller. The comminuted ore is mixed with water to form a slurry, is heated to between 60° C. and 100° C., and is blended with an oxidant in aqueous solution, preferably hydrogen peroxide. Both free interstitial hydrocarbons and those hydrocarbons bound electrostatically to the surfaces of clay-like particles in the ore are released from the mineral substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for abrasive jet of a deeply concave surface using magnetorheological fluid. A ferromagnetic nozzle recessed within a solenoid magnetically shields the fluid within the nozzle and serves as a core for the solenoid, thereby increasing the strength of the magnetic field approximately 100-fold, permitting a significant reduction in the size of the solenoid. The exit orifice of the nozzle is recessed within the solenoid, creating a free space within the solenoid having an intense, shaped, axial magnetic field in and near the nozzle. Stiffening of the magnetorheological fluid begins as the fluid enters the magnetic field upon leaving the nozzle; thus, there is no buildup of viscous drag through the nozzle. Stiffening of the jet occurs principally in free space within the solenoid. The nozzle has peripheral longitudinal channels through which compressed air is conveyed to form an air curtain surrounding the jet, preventing spent MR fluid from re-entering and fouling the nozzle.

Abstract: A cylindrical magnetron having a cylindrical cathode surrounding a cylindrical target. The cathode is without features extending inwards thereof at either end such that the target may be axially removed from or installed into the cathode from either end. The target is positioned and axially retained within the cathode by resilient means operative between the outer surface of the target and the inner surface of the cathode. The invention is especially useful in magnetron assemblies having a plurality of abutting, coaxially disposed magnetrons, wherein all the targets may be removed and replaced from the cathode assembly without requiring disassembly and reassembly of the cathodes.

Abstract: A foldable net includes a flexible frame that may be formed from a single wire or form a plurality of flexible tubes connected end-to-end. The frame is arranged to have an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion. The lower frame portion forms a base that supports the upper frame portion in a generally upright orientation on a generally horizontal surface with the base extending in a forward direction relative to the upper frame portion. A fabric section is connected to the frame and arranged for a projectile to be incident thereon. A plurality of straps is connected between portions of the frame to constrain it to a predetermined configuration for supporting the fabric in a position for receiving the projectile.

Abstract: A hollow milling tool which is adjustable through a wide range of cutting diameters while maintaining a constant radial rake angle, constant axial rake angle, constant axial clearance angle, and a constant radial clearance angle. The tool includes at least one slot, and preferably three or more slots, disposed at a negative axial rake angle with respect to the centerline of the tool for receiving and mounting a cutting member. Each slot intersects the front axial face of the tool at a location ahead of a plane including the centerline of the tool. A cutting member is a holder for a formed carbide cutter insert. The insert is mounted in the holder such that the forward face of the insert forms an angle with the forward surface of the insert holder which is at least equal and opposite to the negative axial rake angle of the slot so that the face of the insert has either zero or positive axial rake.

Abstract: An improved system for magnetorheological finishing of a substrate comprising a vertically oriented bowl-shaped carrier wheel having a horizontal axis. The carrier wheel is preferably an equatorial section of a sphere, such that the carrier surface is spherical. The wheel includes a radial circular plate connected to rotary drive means and supporting the spherical surface which extends laterally from the plate. An electromagnet having planar north and south pole pieces is disposed within the wheel, within the envelope of the sphere and preferably within the envelope of the spherical section defined by the wheel. The magnets extend over a central wheel angle of about 120° such that magnetorheological fluid is maintained in a partially stiffened state ahead of and beyond the work zone. A magnetic scraper removes the MRF from the wheel as the stiffening is relaxed and returns it to a conventional fluid delivery system for conditioning and re-extrusion onto the wheel.

Abstract: Apparatus for creating subatmospheric high plasma densities in the vicinity of a substrate in a work space for use in magnetron sputter deposition aided by ion bombardment of the substrate. Unbalanced flux lines emanating from cylindrical or frusto-conical targets cannot be captured across the work space, because the energizing magnets are cylindrical, and instead converge toward the axis of the apparatus to provide a high flux density, and therefore a high plasma density, in the vicinity of a substrate disposed in this region. The plasma profile and the coating material profile within the work space are both cylindrically symmetrical, resulting in a consistent and predictable coating on substrates.

Abstract: A hollow cathode magnetron for sputtering target material from the inner surface of a target onto an off-spaced substrate. The magnetron is in the shape of a truncated cone, also known as a conical frustum. The target cone is backed by a conical cathode maintained at a predetermined voltage for attracting gas ions into the inner surface of the target cone to sputter material therefrom. The sputtering plasma is made uniform over the entire surface of the target by assuring that the magnitude of the component of the magnetic field tangent to the target surface is constant. The plasma is further confined to the vicinity of the target by using electrostatic elements. Sputter coatings on planar substrates can achieve areal thickness nonuniformities of less than +/−0.2%.

Abstract: A golf ball handling apparatus comprises a hollow body for holding a plurality of golf balls, a passage between the body and the end of the apparatus, a ball control mechanism, a ball guide and legs for elevating one side of the body. The ball control mechanism includes a biased lever pivotally attached to the passage. A stop extends from the bottom of the lever into the passage and is moveable between an open and closed position as the lever is depressed and released. The lever is biased so that the stop is normally closed. Balls are retrieved from the playing surface by pressing the end of the device over the ball, forcing the ball into the passage. The ball moves the stop out of the way as it travels into the passage. In the closed position the stop partially blocks the passage in the body preventing balls from exiting. To dispense balls the lever is depressed, moving the stop to an open position allowing a golf ball to roll out of the passage onto the playing surface.