Abstract: In one embodiment of a wireless method of animal control, using animal borne wireless receivers and warning devices, the animal is warned to remain within a lobe of the transmitter station. The lobe is readily moved to facilitate herding and rotational grazing. In another embodiment, the animal is warned not to cross a line (electronic fence) defined between a pair of overlapping lobes of the transmitter station. A third overlapping lobe of radiation provides an electronic gate in the electronic fence by disabling the animal warning device within the localized region of the third lobe. Alternately energizing the pair of overlapping lobes facilitates detection of the electronic fence.

Abstract: A batch method for fabricating semiconductor capacitive force transducers is disclosed wherein a first wafer of silicon or fused silica is recessed by etching to define an array of force transducer structures, each including a deflectable portion supported from a surrounding frame portion. The first wafer is thermoelectrically bonded between a pair of glass or quartz plates, each plate having an array of electrode structures for capacitively sensing deflection of the individual force transducers. Each electrode structure includes a lead portion passing over the frame portion of the transducers and being spaced from the frame to provide a gas communication passageway through the frame to the capacitive gap between the electrode structure and the deflectable portion of each transducer. The composite assembled wafers are notched along cleave lines generally outlining the individual transducer structures.

Abstract: Electrical stunning systems are disclosed which employ one or more electrically conductive ballistic streams for contacting an unauthorized subject to complete an electrical circuit over which is administered the dose of stunning energy. Various sensors sense unauthorized entry and initiate commands and/or delivery of the dose of stunning energy. A volume control limits the amount of conductive liquid dispersed per dose of stunning energy. A continuity detector assures completion of the electrical circuit to the subject before applying the stunning energy. A range finder determines the length of the ballistic stream and adjusts the stunning power to compensate for losses in the ballistic stream. A functional tester tests for and indicates the operational readiness of the system. Viscosity increasing, surfactant and ionic additives to the aqueous solution improve the ballistics, wetting ability and conductivity of the ballistic stream and facilitate, inter alia, clean up of the spent stream material.

Abstract: A solid state laser is optically pumped by a semiconductive diode. The output facet of the pumping diode is butt-coupled to the input facet of the laser gain medium. The laser gain medium has a short absorption length (<500 um) for the optical pumping radiation such that the pumped mode volume is so small as to support only a single transverse mode of oscillation, i.e., TEM.sub.00 mode operation. In one embodiment a reflector of the laser cavity is formed on the output facet of the pumping diode. In another embodiment the input facet of the laser gain material is bonded to the output facet of the diode pump by means of an index-matching optical cement. The resultant diode pumped laser offers improved frequency stability and reduced size.

Abstract: A moving slab laser includes a slab carriage driven to-and-fro along a precise rectilinear reciprocal path by a liner motor under the control of a computer. The reciprocal motion of the slab is precisely guided by cross roller ways or ball bushing bearings to minimize non-rectilinear motion-dependent output beam steering effects. In one embodiment, the lasant slab is separated into a pair of axially spaced geometrically identical portions which are reciprocated in opposite directions to cancel motion direction dependent beam steering effects.

Abstract: A diode pumped Nd:YAG laser is disclosed wherein the YAG laser rod is supported from the envelope of the pumping diode by means of telescoping glass tubes bonded together by means of u.v. curing adhesive. The diode pumped laser is supported from a heat sink via the intermediary of a pair of rotatable wedges for adjusting the tilt of the optical axis of the laser. A gradient refractive index lens focuses the pump radiation into the laser rod. The lens is adhered directly to the output window of the pump diode by means of refractive index matching adhesive.

Abstract: The wafer processing boat of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor processor includes an R.F. connector at the inner end of its interleaved electrodes. The R.F. electrical connector includes slidably mated male and female portions for making R.F. electrical connection to the boat through the end wall of the evacuable furnace tube. A particle shield surrounds the mated male and female R.F. connector portions for confinement of particulates released during the mating of the connector. The shield includes an open end which faces downstream of the flow of processing gases to reduce backstreaming of particulates onto the wafers. The electrical male conductors of the connector are covered by a quartz sheath.

Abstract: In a gas ion laser of the type having a serial array of coaxially aligned axially spaced floating electrodes contained within an evacuable dielectric envelope for exciting a d.c. plasma laser pumping discharge, the electrodes and gas fill are cooled by a plurality of axially directed coolant tubes within the gas-filled envelope. The electrodes have a spherically shaped funnel portion immediately surrounding the laser beam and plasma discharge path for focusing secondary electrons back into the beam path for increasing conversion efficiency. The spherically shaped surfaces are electroplated with a tungsten-cobalt alloy to decrease sputter erosion.

Abstract: A source of coherent blue light comprises a diode laser for pumping a Nd.sup.3+ doped member of lasant material disposed within an optical resonator for exciting the .sup.4 F.sub.3/2 -.sup.4 I.sub.9/2 laser transition of a wavelength within the range of 0.870 to 0.960 .mu.m. The laser radiation within the optical resonator is doubled by means of a doubler crystal of a non-linear, electro-optic material to produce blue light which is then extracted from the optical resonator as an output beam. A thermo-electric cooler is coupled in heat-exchanging relation with the Nd.sup.3+ doped laser material to improve the efficiency and the doubler crystal is temperature controlled for phase matching to the laser radiation within the range of 0.870 to 0.960 .mu.m. The diode pump laser is preferably either a GaAlAs or GaAs diode laser producing pumping radiation of a wavelength of approximately 0.810 .mu.m.

Abstract: In a monolithic optical ring resonator an optically transparent member is faceted so that the input and output beams of the resonator are coupled through a common facet at widely divergent angles in excess of 45 degrees and preferably 90 degrees. In this manner the resonator is miniaturized. The ring resonator member is contained in an evacuated housing to eliminate time-varying convective thermal detuning effects. The ring resonator is coupled in heat-exchanging relation with heating and temperature sensing film resistors deposited upon a major face of a substrate member.

Abstract: A device tester, such as a memory tester, is electrically interfaced to a device under test, such as a memory die, by means of an improved interface system. The interface system includes an array of coaxial cables for making electrical connection to the test circuits of the device tester by means of coaxial connections at the tester ends. The coaxial cables are fitted at their other ends with slidable two-conductor connector receptacles which make connections to fixed male pins of spring loaded feedthrough connectors passing through a mother board. The spring loaced pins of the feedthroughs make electrical contact to eyelets terminals of strip-line circuits on a probe card (daughter board) terminating on an array of flexible probes for probing the memory die under test. As an alternative, the eyelet terminals of the daughter board are connected to sockets to receive the device under test.

Abstract: A thermal mass flow meter includes a comb-shaped structure having a plurality closely spaced septa carried from a common spine and disposed within the flow stream to be measured for partitioning the flow therein into a plurality of generally parallel elongated ribbon-shaped flow stream portions. Temperature-dependent fluid flow sensing resistor means is coupled in heat-exchanging relation predominantly with the narrow face of at least one of said ribbon-shaped flow stream portions for measuring the fluid flow. In a preferred embodiment, the comb-shaped flow partitioning structure is fabricated by anisotropically etching the parallel flow channels through the (110) face of diamond cubic material such as silicon.

Abstract: A unipolar, RZ, constant width pulse telemetry is achieved in the combinatorial set, or any desired subset of pulse sequences thereof. Each input datum W is in one-to-one correspondence with a particular pulse sequence and the correspondence of datum with pulse sequence and vice versa is implemented by any selected ordering of the pulse sequences of the combinatorial set together with a successive comparison of the magnitude of the datum with the cumulative combinatorial capacity of the set.

Abstract: In a low NO.sub.x stage combustor, the hot fuel rich combustion gases exit the primary combustion chamber through a constriction including a throat portion and pass into a secondary combustion chamber wherein burning is completed by injection of secondary air such as the exhaust from a turbine. Swirl is imparted to the primary gas stream in the primary combustion chamber so as to cause the primary gas stream to fill the entire primary combustion chamber and for increasing the residence time within the primary chamber for reducing fuel NO.sub.x emissions. Swirl suppression means are employed in the throat of the flow constrictor, between the primary and secondary combustion chambers, for suppressing swirl in the outermost regions of the primary gas stream so as to reduce turbulent mixing with the injected, secondary air thereby reducing the peak flame temperature in the secondary combustion chamber and for reducing thermal NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: Folded cantilever structures and solid state force transducers using same are made by chemical etching of a semiconductive wafer. In the chemical etching process, an etch stop layer is provided on a wafer of semiconductive material. The etch stop layer is opened in a certain pre-determined pattern and etchant is introduced through the opening in the etch stop layer to produce substantial undercut etching of portions of the etch stop layer. The opening is patterned to define a support structure (frame) for the folded cantilever portion which is undercut. The etch is terminated such that one end of the undercut folded cantilever structure is supported from the frame and the other end terminates on a structure such as a mass that is supported from the frame by means of the folded cantilever structure.

Abstract: In an electron spectrometer, electrons emanating from a source are collected and focused to a collimated stream by an electrostatic lens free of spherical aberration. The lens includes a pair of axially spaced concave grids approximating sections of concentric ellipsoids having a common focii and coaxial semi-major axes. The collimated electron stream is inducted into an electric radial cylindrical analyzer for focusing the electrons into radially dispersed lines on a position-sensitive detector with the radial dispersion being a function of their energies. The cylindrical analyzer section subtends an angle of approximately 63.5.degree.. The grid openings in the grids of the electrostatic collimating lens are elongated in a direction transverse to the stream of the electrons passing therethrough and parallel to the radial electric field lines at the entrance to the electric analyzer to reduce the dispersive effect of the grids.

Abstract: A semiconductive diode pumped Nd:glass laser is disclosed in which standard low-loss Nd:glass is employed as the gain medium. In some embodiments, miniature optical resonators are employed for resonating the lasant radiation within the gain medium. One or more of the reflectors of the optical resonator are preferably defined by one or more faces of the glass gain medium. Travelling wave, Q-switched, modelocked, second harmonic generating, and slab laser embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In a plasma enhanced chemical vapor processing apparatus first and second sets of electrodes are electrically insulated one from the other via the intermediary of a plurality of insulator bodies. Each of the insulator bodies includes a recessed portion for extending the electrical path length over the surface of the insulator to minimize shorting of the insulators in use. The recess in the insulator body is of generally L-shaped cross section including a radially inwardly directed recessed portion intersecting with an axially directed recess portion. The axially directed portion of the recess is shielded from the plasma discharge, thereby reducing the probability of deposition of conductive material thereon which could otherwise result in shorting of the insulator member. The axial recesses extend into the insulator body from opposite ends thereof.

Abstract: A seeded electro-optically Q-switches laser includes a pulser for pulsing the Q-switch within the seeded laser. The Q-switch pulser includes a pulse-shaping network having a saturable core inductor connected in series with the flow of current to the Q-switch for causing the developed pulse voltage waveform in Q-switch to have an initially reduced rate of change to reduce unwanted Fourier frequency components of the seed optical radiation in the optical resonator of the slave laser, whereby enhanced single-mode operation of the slave laser is obtained with reduced seed power.

Abstract: In a monolithic ring laser, the ring laser crystal is mounted in a monolithic heated support structure including a layer of solder which is readily softened by elevating the temperature of the heater to permit adjustment and readjustment of the optical alignment of the crystal. The monolithic crystal support includes a block of thermally insulative material interposed between the heating element and the surrounds for thermally isolating the heater and laser crystal from the surrounds.