Abstract: A step and repeat mechanism is used with an X-ray lithography system for moving a wafer to be exposed from position to position beneath the source of x-rays. The step and repeat mechanism includes, means for moving the wafer to be exposed with six degrees of freedom. Conventional drive motor means move the step and repeat mechanism, and wafer held thereby, in the X, Y and Z linear directions, as well as rotates, tip and tilt the wafer in the planar direction. In addition, the system includes, three fine Z motor assemblies for moving the wafer in fine increments in the Z direction, which motor assemblies are used to tip and tilt the plane of the wafer. Sensors are included for determining the plane of the mask and the plane of each of the various sections of wafer to be exposed, so that appropriate tip and tilt adjustments by the three fine Z motor assemblies can be made to cause the average plane of each section of the wafer to be exposed to be parallel to the plane of the mask.

Abstract: Described herein is an improved target for use in a pulsed induced plasma X-ray lithography system. The target is formed as a disk shaped base having a series of concentric grooves formed on the side thereof incident to the focused laser beam. A plurality of small holes are fabricated through the base to the facing wall of the groove against which the laser beam is focused and a film, of a polyimide or silicon nitride material, covers the hole. A thin layer of metal target material is then placed on the film aligned with each hole. The thickness of the metal is selected to be sufficient to allow the complete ablation of the material during the existence of the X-ray emitting plasma. In this manner, a minimal amount of debris, either in the form of molten droplets or evaporated metal material, will be generated.

Abstract: Described herein is an energy management system in which a central unit provides a series of energy managing signals over a medium, such as TV cables, power lines, telephone lines or free space radio frequency transmissions, to a plurality of subscriber units. Within each unit is a transponder which responds to the transmitted central unit signals and provides corresponding signals onto an electric grid, such as the power lines, within the subscribing unit. The appliances to be managed each have associated therewith a responder unit, which is coupled to the electric grid to receive the transponder provided signals. Each of the central unit transmitted signals is encoded to manifest the energy managing dictates of a particular one of a plurality of diffferent schedules and is only provided in conformance with the dictates of the schedule is manifests.

Abstract: An energy management system provides energy managing signals over a medium, such as TV cables, power lines, telephone lines or free space radio frequency transmissions, to a plurality of subscriber units. A transponder in each unit responds to the signals and provides corresponding signals onto the power lines within the subscribing unit. Each appliances to be managed has associated therewith a responder unit coupled to the electric grid to receive the transponder signals. The signals are encoded to manifest the energy managing dictates of a particular one of a plurality of different schedules and are only provided in conformance with the dictates of the schedule it manifests. Typically, where an appliance is to be turned off as part of the energy management scheme, the encoded signals are provided only when the schedule manifested thereby indicate that a particular applicance is to be turned off.

Abstract: A shrimp peeling deshelling machine has a frame apparatus for holding a support wheel and tube along the periphery of the support wheel. The support and tube ae rotated by a slow speed motor mechanism and the tube has a slit along the length thereof positioned away from the center of the support. The shrimp peeling machine includes an insertion station that, in turn, has a slit separating member for separating the edges defining the slit. A shrimp is inserted in the opening created by the slit separating member and is caught downstream from the separating member by the slit edges and rotates with the rotating tube and support. A first cutting station cuts the back shell of the shrimp using a conventional rotating circular saw blade. A bottom shell cutting and shrimp ejection station includes a second slit separator and a cutting member for cutting the bottom of the shrimp.

Abstract: Described herein is an improved target for use in a pulsed induced plasma X-ray lithography system. The target is formed as a disk shaped base having a series of concentric grooves formed on the side thereof incident to the focused laser beam. A plurality of small holes are fabricated through the base to the facing wall of the groove against which the laser beam is focused and a film, of a polyimide or silicon nitride material, covers the hole. A thin layer of metal target material is then placed on the film aligned with each hole. The thickness of the metal is selected to be sufficient to allow the complete ablation of the material during the existence of the X-ray emitting plasma. In this manner, a minimal amount of debris, either in the form of molten droplets or evaporated metal material, will be generated.

Abstract: A crab trap for submersion in naturally occurring waters includes a flat reticulated member and a reticulated encaging member slidably mounted on a rod extending from the flat member. The encaging member also includes solid flotation means for maintaining the encaging member in spaced apart relationship with the lower flat member while entering and remaining in the water. The pressure of the water against the solid surface of the flotation member during the lifting of the crab trap overcomes the flotation forces and effects a tight engagement of the normally spaced apart flat and encaging members for trapping a crab. The amount of buoyancy of the flotation member is selected to cause the encaging member to have an overall density slightly less than the density of water, while the overall density of the entire crab trap is greater than the density of water.

Abstract: An oil change kit container holds packages of new oil to be purchased and, after the new oil is removed, holds the used oil and used filter removed from the vehicle and facilitates the collection and reprocessing of the used oil. The container includes a large recessed opening on the top through which the packages of oil are removed and into which the oil exiting the crankcase flows. The opening is sufficiently large to permit the container to be set below the oil plug and not be moved during the draining of the oil. The container also includes an indent to hold the new oil packages firm within the container during transit. A handle is provided in association with the indent for carrying the container. The container also includes feet on the bottom and feet receptacles on the top for permitting the containers to be easily stacked. The container is made entirely of plastic by conventional molding techniques.

Abstract: A reversible hydraulic motor has a forward and a reverse drive section, each separated by a separating plate. Each section has an outer ring, end plate and inner rotor forming a chamber therebetween. Each rotor has a pair of radial slots, separated by 180.degree., and a piston moveable in each slot. An extension form the outer ring to the rotor divides the chamber and moves the pistons inward into the rotor slots at the end of each revolution. Hydraulic fluid is selectively applied, under pressure, to the desired direction section to the interior space between the rotor slot and the piston during the 180.degree. after the rotor rotates past the extension. Each piston has a fluid path therethrough to allow the provided hydraulic fluid to exit the piston interior space into the chamber in a direction opposite to the desired direction of rotation. This exiting fluid builds up pressure in the chamber and rotates the piston and rotor. A fluid return path is provided in the second 1/2.degree.

Abstract: An authorized user of the program is allowed to make any number of backup copies of a computer program and to execute each such backup copy on the same authorized machine, but is inhibited from executing either the original or any copy thereof on any other machine. The method is implemented by including a control program with the application program to be copy controlled, which control program causes an interaction and registration of the program during initialization of the program with a central computer. The method includes generating a configuration code based on the configuration of the user's computer and the communication of the configuration code to the central computer. The central computer thereafter generates a permission code based on the communicated configuration code and communicates the permission code back to the user. The permission code is then entered into the user's computer and stored as a part of the control program.

Abstract: A circuit, which is useful to provide data needed to measure the electrical opacity of a particle, for instance a blood cell, passing through a Coulter type transducer, includes a current source for providing a conventional d.c. current through the sensing aperture of the transducer, as well as an oscillator for providing a high frequency current through the aperture. The oscillator includes an active device and a resonant circuit, and the aperture is coupled in parallel with the resonant circuit of the oscillator. The oscillator can be any type of oscillator, such as a Hartley oscillator. As a particle passes through the aperture, the resistance of the aperture increases, which in turn, increases the Q of the oscillator circuit, whereby the oscillator output signal is amplitude modulated in accordance with the increased Q. This amplitude modulated signal can be detected to provide a value based on the high frequency reactance of the particle being detected. The change in d.c.

Abstract: A toy monorail set is provided including a building for containing the parts to the set and selectively being a component part of the set. The monorail vehicle, building and monorail tracks are all made of sanded hardwood or other suitable smooth and hard material. The vehicle itself includes a cutout and a pair of extension members extending outward from the bottom of the cutout. The cutout has concave sides and the extension members have a flat surface and slanted sides from the back of the cutout to the flat surface so as to allow the vehicle to traverse a curved monorail track course. A smoothing additive, such as wax or paraffin is applied over the flat surface of the extension member and the top, or riding, surface of the monorail track to allow the vehicle to slide over the monorail track. The monorail tracks have semicircular ends with a circular recessed surface on opposite sides at each end.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a portable swimming pool skimmer which can be positioned at any point along the periphery of a swimming pool. The portable skimmer includes a weighted base member from which extends in on outward and downward direction a bracket for holding a skimmer basket. The bracket is vertically adjustable so that the skimmer basket is positioned slightly below the water surface to allow a skimming action. At the bottom of the basket, a fitting to which one end of a pool hose may be attached is provided. The other end of the pool hose is attached to a suction line from the pool pump and filter assembly, which suction line may be a part of a built in skimmer or another hose from the built in skimmer to another device, such as an automatic pool cleaner. In the latter situation, a restriction in the skimmer hose is provided to minimize the suction pressure which operates the pool cleaning device.

Abstract: An improved intake valve for an internal combustion engine is provided. The improved valve has a ridge extending from the downstream side of the periphery of the valve head to aid in the improved aerodynamic flow of the fuel mixture gas through the valve opening. The ridge acts as the center portion of an ideal air foil and thus reduces the back pressure, and hence the drag, presented by the valve to the flowing gas fuel mixture. By reducing the drag, more fuel mixture in a given time and space can be provided into the combustion chamber and the horsepower of a given size engine is increased. In other words, a smaller and lighter engine can be used to do the same work, with the net result of better fuel economy, better packaging, lower production costs and so forth. Alternatively, a given sized engine can be made to produce more power.

Abstract: A debris detector for a particle counter, such as a blood cell counter, of the COULTER (R) type. When a particle, or transient debris, passes through the sensing orifice of the particle detector, a voltage pulse occurs; whereas, when debris lodges in or against the orifice of the particle detector, a d.c. voltage shift occurs. The voltage at the orifice is capacitively coupled to an amplifier and the output of the amplifier is integrated. The capacitor coupling the orifice voltage to the amplifier causes an undershoot voltage at the trailing edge of each particle or transient debris pulse, such that a zero average voltage is applied to and, hence, from the amplifier for each voltage pulse. The integrated voltage is applied to a voltage comparator to provide an output signal therefrom whenever the integrated voltage exceeds a reference voltage. The comparator output signal is provided to a delay circuit having a delay related to the time required for a particle to pass through the COULTER detector orifice.

Abstract: An ammeter is used for measuring the current flowing through a lead on a printed circuit board having a four point probe contacting the printed wire under test. Each probe points is spring loaded and approximately one millimeter separates adjacent probe points. The center two probe points are coupled to the inputs of a high gain chopper stabilized operational amplifier which provides a signal related to the voltage between the center two probe points as a result of the line resistance. The operational amplifier must have a very low and stable input offset voltage. The amplifier signal is applied to the base electrodes of a bipolar current driver circuit, such as two opposite polarity Darlington circuits, which respectively have a source of positive and negative voltage coupled to flow through the collector emitter electrodes when the signal applied to the base renders the collector emitter conductive.

Abstract: An attachment for a hair dryer performs the function of providing a lower velocity diffused air flow with apparatus to separate and lift the hair and allow the entire hair strand, from root to end, to be dried at the same time. The attachment includes a base member shaped to expand and turn a column of air from a conventional blow dryer by, for instance, 45 degrees. A face plate holds a diffuser pad in position. Extending from the face plate away from the base are a plurality of hair lifters, each of which lift a small amount of hair, so as to permit the entire hair, from root to end, to receive air and be dried at the same time. The face plate includes a plurality of holes therethrough to permit air flow and each hair lifter includes a post extending upward from the edge of the hole and an extension from the top of the post into the area above the corresponding hole. This structure allows the face plate to be fabricated by injection molding.

Abstract: Described herein is a body case fabricated of galvanized sheet metal and designed to contain the remains of a decreased person in an air tight environment. The case is used for shipping the remains from one area of the country to another. The body case includes a main portion which is bent to form two sides and a bottom. The case also includes a front and back panel which are joined to the main portion by preformed receiving mean joints therein and a sealant material is placed in conjunction with the forms joined to maintain an air tight seal within the body case container. Flanges are formed along the open top of the container and a gasket is placed along the formed flanges. A cover is compressibly latched over the top of the container and against the gasket to maintain an air tight seal therein. In an alternate embodiment, a window is placed in the cover and sealed in an air tight manner using a gasket and compression offset bracket against the transparent window.

Abstract: Described herein is a body case fabricated of galvanized sheet metal and designed to contain the remains of a deceased person in an air tight environment. The case is used for shipping the remains from one area of the country to another. The body case includes a main portion which is bent to form two sides and a bottom. The case also includes a front and back panel which are joined to the main portion by preformed receiving mean joints therein and a sealant material is placed in conjunction with the forms joined to maintain an air tight seal within the body case container. Flanges are formed along the open top of the container and a gasket is placed along the formed flanges. A cover is compressibly latched over the top of the container and against the gasket to maintain an air tight seal therein. In an alternate embodiment, a window is placed in the cover and sealed in an air tight manner using a gasket and compression offset bracket against the transparent window.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is apparatus to precisely determine if a tennis ball hits in or out of the tennis court area. A pressure sensitive layered material which changes colors upon the tennis ball striking it is placed outside the tennis court bounderies and gives an indication whenever the ball strikes out of bounds. The material returns to its original color a short time later.