Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting an end-point of a CMP process of a semiconductor device. More specifically, when all polishing processes are performed using a nitride film as a polishing barrier film, a buffer layer including nitrogen is formed on the nitride film and a polishing process is performed. Then, the concentration of NO from ammonia gas generated from the buffer layer is detected so that the nitride film may be polished to a desired target without damage of the nitride film. As a result, an end-point can be set.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved therapeutic regimen for the treatment of thrombolytic disorders, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In particular, the present invention concerns the treatment of thrombolytic disorders, e.g. AMI, with a combination of a tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) variant having improved fibrin specificity and extended plasma half-life when compared with wild-type human t-PA and a low molecular weight heparin.

Abstract: The present invention discloses method for manufacturing alignment mark wherein a predetermined thickness of a device isolation film is etched prior to removing a pad nitride film during a shallow trench isolation process to increase contrast. In accordance with the method, a pad nitride film pattern and a pad oxide film pattern exposing a predetermined portion of the semiconductor substrate are formed. The semiconductor substrate is etched using the pad nitride film pattern as a mask to form an alignment mark trench. A device isolation film is formed in the trench and a predetermined thickness of the device isolation film is etched to form an alignment mark. The pad nitride film pattern is then removed.

Abstract: Wavelength stability of an optical oscillator has been enhanced by feedback from an external position-sensing detector to control the position or tilt of an intracavity optical element, such as a mirror. The wavelength stability results from stabilization of the intracavity beam position relative to an aperture in the oscillator. The wavelength selectivity of the aperture results from incorporation of a dispersive element in the oscillator cavity that produces a mapping of wavelength to beam position at the aperture.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of electrophoretic displays. In particular, it relates to processes for the manufacture of multilayer color displays involving imagewise opening and filling display cells with display fluids of different colors. The color displays have improved contrast ratio, switching performance, reflectivity at the Dmin state and structural integrity.

Abstract: Described is the use of nanoscale metal oxide particles as catalysts for the thermal and/or photochemical polymerization of species having at least one polymerizable carbon-carbon multiple bond and/or at least one carbon containing ring capable of undergoing a ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: A method for the rapid detection of actively respiring microorganisms comprises the steps of detecting the presence of microorganisms utilizing microbial enzymatic conversion of tetrazolium salts to formazan products, detecting the presence of formazan product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TDMA method, transmitter and receiver, wherein a training sequence is modulated and superposed on a data signal to thereby generate a TDMA burst. Thereby, the training sequence can be made longer and is always available during data reception, such that longer channel impulse responses can be measured. In the transmitter, the training sequence is separately modulated in a modulating means (3) before being superposed on the data signal. The receiver comprises an extracting means (11) for extracting the superposed training sequence and a cancelling means (9) for cancelling the training sequence from the data signal to be detected.