Abstract: An improved combination ion-selective electrode apparatus is provided that comprises an electrode body, a reference electrode, and an ion-sensing electrode. The reference electrode comprises a ion-permeable junction. A removable membrane cap contains a ion-selective membrane. The membrane cap can be removed from the ion-selective electrode apparatus without endangering the integrity of the reference electrode and is distinct from the ion-permeable junction. The membrane cap contains a removable ion-sensitive membrane that can be replaced if the ion-sensitive membrane fails to thereby place the combination ion-selective electrode apparatus back into service. Moreover, a single combination ion-selective electrode apparatus can be used to measure a variety of analyte ions by simple replacement of the membrane cartridge.

Abstract: A system and method of cleansing a gas of undesired particulate, aromas, and gases of the type utilizing a liquid to wet a gas stream is provided. The gas scrubber of the present invention including: a container having a bottom wall and a top wall interconnected by a side wall and containing a liquid therein, the top wall having an opening formed therethrough by a sleeve having an inlet opening and an outlet opening interconnected by a throat, and a mechanism for pressurizing the liquid that may include a pump for directing the pressurized liquid through a converging nozzle discharging the pressurized liquid into the throat to draw a gas into the inlet opening and mix with the pressurized liquid in the throat and discharging the mixture into the container releasing the gas from the mixture and discharging the gas to the atmosphere. Undesired gases are removed from the original stream by absorption in the liquid and particulate is dropped out of the gas stream after being wetted by the liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the moisture content of a gas stream is provided. The apparatus includes a shell having a least one tube disposed therein and a condensate trap attached to the shell. A gas stream inlet and outlet are provided so that the gas stream may flow through tubes or shell, and preferably through the tubes although it is contemplated to flow the gas stream through the shell side. The drying apparatus further includes a coolant and/or volatile fluid inlet and outlet to flow a fluid such as, but not limited to, water, alcohol, or acetone to cool the gas stream and condense moisture contained therein. The drying apparatus and method of the present invention may further include a vaporization unit for vaporizing the volatile fluid with a stream of gas such as air to form a cool vapor cloud to pass through the drying apparatus.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of hydraulic fracturing a subterranean formation wherein two horizontally spaced-apart wells are provided and completed to communicate with the formation. Hydraulic fluid pressure is sequentially applied to create and propagate vertical fractures into the formation and to create a vertical fracture that communicates both wells.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of hydraulic fracturing a subterranean formation wherein two horizontally spaced-apart wells are provided and completed to communicate with the formation. Hydraulic fluid pressure is sequentially applied to create and propagate vertical fractures into the formation and to create a vertical fracture that communicates both wells. This specification further disclosed the creation of an enhanced fracture drainage pattern in a hydrocarbon-bearing formation and producing hydrocarbons from the formation via a single producing well.

Abstract: A method of transporting particulate solid material through a pipeline in the form of a stable foam slurry. There is formed a pumpable slurry of the particulate solid material in a stable foam carrier medium and the slurry is flowed through the pipeline to a receiving point.

Abstract: This specification discloses a technique of providing a wellbore that extends from a surface location to a subsurface location in a mineral bearing formation which subsurface location is spaced a great lateral distance from the surface location. The wellbore is provided to have a first portion that extends essentially vertically from the surface location into the earth's crust and into a formation having good drilling characteristics, a second portion that extends for a great distance within and essentially parallel to the bedding plane of the formation having good drilling characteristics, and a third portion that extends essentially vertically from the farthest extension of the second portion to the subsurface location in the mineral bearing formation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a super-active clay catalyst material prepared by a special method for treating clay materials, said catalyst for use in catalytic conversion of organic materials such as, for example, hydrocarbon compounds, heavy crude petroleum stock and kerogen. Said special method comprises contacting a clay material, existing in the raw state as found in nature or synthesized, with a solution containing cations selected from the group consisting of transition metal ions, aluminum ions, hydrogen ions, ions of metals from Group IIB of the Periodic Table of Elements and a combination thereof with each other, said clay material having been maintained at a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C. prior to and during the contacting with said solution, and thereafter heating said exchanged clay material to a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C. but not exceeding about 250.degree. C. in the presence of air and/or organic material which is to be catalytically converted.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and system for cementing a casing string with returns to the seafloor in an offshore wellbore. The hydrostatic pressure at a preselected point within the annulus formed intermediate the casing string and the wellbore wall is monitored during a cementing operation to determine when cement returns in the annulus reach the seafloor and thereafter the cementing operation is terminated.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of controlling the loss of drilling fluid into a lost circulation zone of a subterranean earth formation penetrated by a well. A nonaqueous slurry of a hydratable material and an oleophilic clay is introduced into the well and mixed in the vicinity of the lost circulation zone with an aqueous liquid to form a soft plug.

Abstract: This specification discloses new compositions of matter, esters of arylaminoaryloxyalkanols, that are useful as antioxidants and organic compositions containing the antioxidants.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for producing and recovering alkanolamine from a mixture containing oxazolidone by hydrolyzing the mixture containing oxazolidone.

Abstract: This specification discloses a lubricant composition containing esters of arylaminophenoxyalkyl carboxylic acids as an antioxidant and new compositions of matter useful as antioxidants.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of cementing pipe in a well and discloses the use of a designed oil-wetting liquid and cement slurry for cementing pipe against evaporite sections penetrated by the well. The cement slurry is formulated from hydraulic cement, silica flour, ionization control agent, sodium chloride, weighting agent, dispersing and retarding agent, and water, and has a density within the range of about 15.8 to 21.0 pounds per gallon.

Abstract: This specification discloses a waterflooding process for producing oil from an oil-containing subterranean formation that is penetrated by an injection well and a production well. An aqueous solution of a water soluble copolymer having segments formed of blocks of an aromatic monomer and blocks of an olefinic monomer chemically modified to have an anionic function on the olefinic segments is injected into the formation to improve the recovery of oil therefrom.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of treating a well drilled into the earth. In carrying out this method there is formed a lightweight thixotropic cement slurry that is comprised of a low density calcined shale cement, attapulgite and water, in ratios to provide a pumpable slurry that has zero water separation. This lightweight thixotropic cement slurry having zero water separation is placed in a well and allowed to set.

Abstract: This specification discloses a lubricant composition containing a substituted 1,2,3-triazole as an antiwear agent and new compositions of matter useful as antiwear agents.

Abstract: This specification discloses a hydraulic fracturing process for forming and propping a vertical fracture in a subterranean formation. This method is particularly applicable for large fracture treatments where fracturing fluids with little or no fluid loss additives are employed to extend long vertical fractures into the formation. It is also particularly applicable for refracturing a formation that has previously been fractured and propped with a proppant pack along the lower portion of the fracture. After a first proppant pack is deposited in the lower portion of the fracture, a slug of fracturing fluid liquid containing fluid loss additives is injected into the formation to deposit the fluid loss additives along the upper surface or leading edge of the proppant pack and thereby provide a seal along this upper edge of the proppant pack.

Abstract: This specification discloses a system and method for flushing and cleaning a hydrocyclone used in removing drilled solids from a drilling mud circulated in the drilling of a borehole. The system is comprised of a feed pump connected via a mud conduit to the inlet of a hydrocyclone. A check valve is located in the mud conduit intermediate the feed pump and the inlet of the hydrocyclone which allows the mud to flow through the mud conduit only in the direction toward the hydrocyclone. Another conduit for flowing a cleaning liquid is connected with the mud conduit on the hydrocyclone side of the check valve. A valve responsive to a signal, pressure or electrical, is located in this other conduit intermediate the mud conduit and a supply of cleaning liquid.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of cementing pipe in a well and discloses a cement slurry which may be used for cementing pipe against evaporite sections penetrated by the well. The cement slurry is formulated from hydraulic cement, silica flour, attapulgite, sodium chloride, weighting agent, dispersing and retarding agent, and water, and has a density within the range of about 13.0 to 21.0 pounds per gallon.