Abstract: A method for the preparation of overbased metal naphthenates of improved clarity and filterability by reacting a mixture of an oil soluble metal naphthenate, and a metal hydroxide in a light hydrocarbon-alcohol-nonpolar diluent oil solvent medium with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 140 to 155.degree. F using a mole ratio of metal hydroxide to metal naphthenate ranging from 1:1 to 10:1 and a CO.sub.2 to metal naphthenate mole ratio of 0.75 to 1.1, allowing the mixture to stand for 1 to 100 hours; then filtering the resulting carbonated mixture and recovering the desired composition wherein the degree of overbasing of the naphthenate ranges from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Thermal energy, in particular, solar energy is absorbed and released by utilizing the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with heat. The thermal energy is absorbed above 90.degree. C, stored above 40.degree. C, and released at temperatures below 40.degree. C.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONField of the InventionThis invention relates to the storage of thermal energy by the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride.One troublesome problem encountered with energy forms such as solar energy, which is intermittent in nature, is storing the energy until it is needed.The present invention represents a solution to that problem and is based on the discovery that endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (NDAA) can store thermal energy at about 93.degree. C and release such energy at temperatures below 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Described are encapsulated slow release fertilizers prepared by providing a fertilizer substrate, spraying molten sulfur thereon; encapsulating the sulfur-coated fertilizer by solvent deposition of bitumen and then powder coating the bitumen- and sulfur-coated fertilizer with a finely ground, dry, mineral powder which reduces the tackiness of the combined coating.

Abstract: An improved process for treating spent Kraft wood pulping liquors by coking the liquors after reducing the pH thereof with SO.sub.2 and recovering the sulfur contained in the resulting coke by contact with hydrogen preheated to temperatures in the range of 750.degree. to 2000.degree. F to produce H.sub.2 S. The H.sub.2 S and lime are added to the coker effluent to form new kraft cooking liquor.

Abstract: Waste water streams containing sulfite and bisulfite ions but substantially no sulfide or thiosulfate ions are treated to convert sulfites to sulfates which can be discharged in receiving streams with no concomitant increase in Chemical or Biological Oxygen Demand. The process is a non-catalytic oxidation effected at 25 to 50 psi, 175.degree.-250.degree. F using from 50 to 350 percent excess of oxygen when utilizing air or any suitable oxygen containing gas basis stoichiometric conversion of sulfite to sulfate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for separating unreacted olefins, paraffins, aldehydes and alcohols from the catalyst and heavy ends from the hydroformylation process by using thin film distillation. In this process, the crude oxo product is metered into a thin film evaporator wherein the distillate containing olefins, paraffins, aldehydes and alcohols is rapidly separated by a continuous wiping action from the residue which contains the catalyst complex and the heavy ends. The various products are fractionated while the residue is directly recycled.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from either water-bituminous petroleum emulsions or from crude petroleum emulsions having a pH of 10 or less by adding thereto an optimum amount of non-ionic, water soluble polyethylene oxide polymers at a pH of 10 or less, and separating the oil from water. To resolve bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out at between 150.degree. F and 210.degree. F and a diluent is added to reduce the petroleum viscosity. The minimum effective concentration of the polymers used decreases as their molecular weight increases.In a modification of the process, an effective amount of an alkaline earth metal halide such as calcium chloride is added to improve coagulation and separation of any clay present.

Abstract: Water is removed from carbonaceous materials such as coal by treatment with a hydrocarbon at elevated temperatures and a pressure sufficiently high to maintain the system liquid.

Abstract: Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are converted to color-stable aliphatic sulfonic acids in a single step without any initiator but in the presence of a low molecular weight acyl oxide and under anhydrous conditions by the rapid removal of the products as they are being formed, followed immediately by cooling and degassing to remove sulphur dioxide, then by immediate neutralization and complete hydrolysis at the boiling point of the unstable acid precursors present in the neutralized sulphonates by boiling at constant volume at a pH of about 8-10. The alkali metal salts of the sulfonic acids prepared by this process are color and pH-stable and useful as biodegradable detergents.

Abstract: Described are lubricating greases corrosion inhibited by a synergistic amount of a mixture of sodium nitrite and N-acyl sarcosines.The greases contain from 75 to 96 parts by weight, preferably 80 to 95 parts by weight of a mineral oil having a SUS viscosity of 50 to 2500 at 100.degree. F thickened to grease consistency with about 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, parts by weight of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal soap or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a slow release fertilizer composition comprising a slack wax-urea adduct prepared by urea-dewaxing petroleum hydrocarbons in which the wax to urea ratio ranges from 0.08 to 0.30 and particularly intended for use on dry, desert-like soils. Solar radiation causes the wax to melt thereby slowly releasing the urea with the wax forming a biodegradable protective layer against wind erosion and water losses.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic lubricating oil compositions for turbine engines containing a major amount of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters having lubricating properties whose pour points are depressed by the incorporation of a synergistic mixture of minor amounts of at least one mineral oil with a methacrylic pour point depressant.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed are biodegradable builders for use with water-soluble organic detergent compounds. The builders are alkali metal salts of ester-acids derived from polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.Also claimed are a method for making the compounds and detergent compositions containing the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for purifying an effluent containing acids such as phosphonic and phosphoric acids by the addition of CaO or Ca(OH).sub.2 in an amount ranging from 55-93 per cent by weight basis acids at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C to a pH of 8 to 12. After removing the precipitated material, the effluent can be neutralized with CO.sub.2 gas. The precipitate can be calcined to tri calcium phosphate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shaped catalyst composed of finely divided particles of binary or ternary boride compounds having the general formula M.sub.x B.sub.y or M.sub.x B.sub.y R.sub.2 wherein x is an integer from 1-5; y is an integer from 1-2; z is an integer from 1-4; B is boron; M is an element selected from the groups II-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, III-A, IV-A, and V-A of the Periodic Table, the rare earths, and the actinides; R is an element different from M selected from the same group of elements in the Periodic Table as M; the particles being bonded by 1 to 10% by weight of finely divided particles of preoxidized aluminum, zinc, or magnesium. The preferred catalyst materials are those boron-containing substances which are substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture containing the organic hydroperoxides olefins and products and which are bonded by heat treated aluminum particles having an oxide coating constituting from 5 to 10 percent of the particles.

Abstract: Process for making low sulfur oil by reacting aqueous reactive sludges and slurries with hot, pressurized carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas) wherein the wastes are first concentrated by coking in the liquid phase under a pressure of 300 to 3000 psig at a temperature of 400.degree. to 550.degree. F for from 5 minutes to 2 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are self-emulsifiable compositions containing water soluble micronutrients such as inorganic salts of zinc or manganese in a finely divided form. The concentrates are prepared from inexpensive water soluble compounds by an emulsion dehydration process. The compositions containing horticultural mineral spray oils are capable of forming a stable emulsion with water by gentle shaking. Alternatively, the compositions may be diluted further with additional spray oils and remain as a suspension.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a hydrocarbon coke slurry fuel by coking carbonaceous materials in the liquid phase under autogenous pressure to form coke which is then extracted with a combustible hydrocarbon at high temperatures and pressures to produce a dense slurry of coke in the hydrocarbon suitable for use as a fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a controlled two stage process for converting 1-olefins to 1,2-diacetoxyalkanes. In the first stage, the olefins are oxidized to peroxides by preaerating the olefin with oxygen until the measured peroxide value has reached its maximum, then decreasing this value by 20 to 40%. In the second stage, the peroxides are decomposed by adding acetic acid and heating to a temperature of 120.degree. C. in the absence of catalyst.

Abstract: The invention discloses as new fungicidal compositions of matter dispersed micelles of overbased copper naphthenates in non-phytotoxic spray oils prepared metathetically. Each micelle contains a combined alkaline earth metal to reduce phytotoxicity of the dispersions. The alkaline earth metal may be present partly as naphthenate in the outer protective layer of the dispersed micelles. The inner core of the micelle is mainly copper hydroxide but some alkaline earth metal hydroxide may also be present. The mole percent of alkaline earth metal to copper ranges from about 1 to about 7 and the preferred metal is calcium. The micelles form clear fungicidal dispersions in spray oils.