Abstract: In a process for isolating &agr;-ethynyl carbinols from the liquid reaction mixture from the addition of acetylene onto &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by distillation, the distillation is carried out continuously, the feed stream is introduced into the middle section of a distillation column (K), the major part of the water is distilled off azeotropically together with the solvent at the top of the column, and the &agr;-ethynyl carbinol target product is taken off below the feed point to the column.

Abstract: Storage-stable aqueous formulations comprising a) 0.1-60% by weight of a tetrahydrophthalimide of the formula I  where R1=H, F, Cl; R2=CH═C(Cl)—CO—B or CH═C(Br)—CO—B (B=C1-C6-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted OH or SH); a group OR5, SR5, COOR5, OCH2COOR5, CH2—CO—OR6 or (C1-C6-alkyl)sulfonylamino; R5=H, C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, (C1-C6-alkoxy)carbonyl-C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alkyloximino-C1-C6-alkyl R3=Cl, CN; R6=is H, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alkyloximino-C1-C6-alkyl; b) 0.1-30% by weight of an anionic surfactant; c) 0.1-30% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant; d) 0.01-5% by weight of a thixotroping additive; e) 0-50% by weight of other herbicidal active ingredients; f) 0-20% by weight of other formulation auxiliaries, and g) 1-90% of water.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a benzenepolycarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof or a mixture of two or more thereof by bringing the benzenepolycarboxylic acid or the derivative thereof or the mixture of two or more thereof into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas is carried out in the presence of a catalyst which comprises as active metal at least one metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table alone or together with at least one metal of transition group I or VII of the periodic table applied to a support which contains macropores with the proviso that if dimethyl terephthalate is hydrogenated, the hydrogenation using a catalyst which comprises as active metal ruthenium either alone or together with at least one metal of transition group I, VII or VIII of the Periodic Table applied to a support, where the support has a mean pore diameter of at least 50 nm and a BET surface area of at most 30 m2/g and the amount of the active metal is from 0.

Abstract: The enhancement of the antitumor action of tumor necrosis factor by lithium salts is described.

Abstract: A process for the surface treatment of moldings based on liquid crystalline polymers with acidic or alkaline reagents includes using the reagents in a solvent which is an organic solvent to an extent of not less than 60% by weight.

Abstract: 2-Amino-4-trichloromethylpyridines of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or phenyl, benzyl or phenylsulfonyl,--CX--R.sup.3, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 or --PX(OR.sup.4).sub.2 orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form .dbd.CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or --CO--Z--CO--,X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino, pyrazolidino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted phenylamino or benzylamino,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -haloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.

Abstract: A process for working up mother liquors resulting from the preparation of adipic acid by oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone or mixtures thereof with nitric acid entails removal of nitric acid by azeotropic distillation with water, heating the resulting melt at from 130.degree. to 180.degree. C. and then dissolving it in water, treating the aqueous solution with cation exchangers, subsequently again evaporating off the water and heating the resulting dicarboxylic acid melt at from 200.degree. to 240.degree. C. and then obtaining a mixture of dicarboxylic acids by distillation.

Abstract: A process for preparing indolenines of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently of one another hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -alkylphenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -phenalkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 together are an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkylene chain,X and Y are independently of one another hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulfonyl, halogen, nitro or cyano,by reacting a 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each as defined above, with an aniline of the formula III ##STR3## where X and Y are each as defined above, in the presence of a Lewis acid and in the presence or absence of a halide of main group 1 or 2 of the Periodic Table at from 100.degree.

Abstract: 1-Aryl- and 1-hetarylimidazolecarboxylic esters of the general formulae Ia and Ib ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.4 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic,processes for their manufacture, and agents containing them.

Abstract: (2R)-1-(Aryloxy)-3-(butyryloxy)-2-propanols of the general formula (I), ##STR1## where Ar is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, and a process for their preparation by the reaction of (2R)-glycidyl butyrate with an aromatic hydroxy compound Ar--OH in the presence of a quaternary ammonium halide.

Abstract: Isoxazole- and isothiazole-5-carboxamides of the formula I ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur, R.sup.1 is halogen, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, cyano, formyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)-alkylaminocarbonyl, cyclopropylaminocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy or phenylthio; R.sup.2 is formyl, haloformyl, 4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl, COOR.sup.5, COSR.sup.5 or CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, and R.sup.3 to R.sup.7 have the meanings specified in the description, are suitable as herbicides.

Abstract: Potassium magnesium L-ascorbate 2-phosphate is prepared from an aqueous solution of potassium L-ascorbate 2-phosphate which is highly contaminated with KCl, as is produced in the phosphorylation of 5,6-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid, by adding to the solution about 1 equivalent of magnesium ions per equivalent of L-ascorbate 2-phosphate, and subsequently removing the KCl by electrodialysis. The product of this process is a novel salt of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and has very advantageous handling properties.

Abstract: Carboxamides Ia, Ib, Ic and Id ##STR1## (X=O, S; R.sup.1 =H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy or phenylthio, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical containing one or two heteroatoms, cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl which may be epoxidized, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl; R.sup.1 '=cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl which may be epoxidized, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl; R.sup.2 =CHO, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, COYR.sup.5, CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ; Y=O, S; R.sup.

Abstract: Rhodium hydroformylation catalysts containing bisphosphite ligands of the formula I ##STR1## where --X-- is a divalent bisarylene radical or R.sup.1,W is a divalent arylene, bisarylene or alkylene radical, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or ortho-arylene.

Abstract: Carboxamides of the formulae Ia to Ic ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, cyanoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or naphthyl, or one of the groups stated for R.sup.1 ;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are nitro, cyano, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted amino, alkoxy, alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, or one of the groups stated for R.sup.1 ;R.sup.5 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or COYR.sup.6 (Y.dbd.O,S);R.sup.6 is hydrogen, cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl or phenyl,phthalimido, tetrahydrophthalimido, succinimido, maleimido, benzotriazolyl ora group --N.dbd.CR.sup.7 R.sup.8, whereR.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.8 may also be cycloalkyl, phenyl, or R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 together form a 4- to 7-membered alkylene chain;and if R.sup.

Abstract: Salicylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 is succinimidoxy; unsubstituted or substituted hetaryl; OR.sup.5 where R.sup.5 is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or substituted methyleneamino; OR.sup.8 where R.sup.8 is hydrogen, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation, ammonium or organic ammonium;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -haloalkoxy and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio;R.sup.4 is ethynyl or unsubstituted or substituted vinyl;X is oxygen or sulfur;Z is nitrogen or methine)are used as herbicides and bioregulators.

Abstract: 2-Methylenepropane-1,3-diol dicarboxylates are prepared by reacting pentaerythritol tetracarboxylates on solid catalysts at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Oxalic acid derivatives of the formula IA--CO--COO--Y--X--D Iwhere A is an unsubstituted or substituted azetidine ring which is bonded via its nitrogen atom, Y is unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, X is oxygen or sulfur and D is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or alkenyl or is monocyclic or polycyclic unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkenylmethyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl or phenylalkenyl, their preparation and growth regulators containing them.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran I ##STR1## or a derivative thereof, where R.sup.a and R.sup.b are C-organic radicals, involves reacting a 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol II ##STR2## in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger resin and in the presence of an inert dehydrating substance. Novel 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans Ia, 2-acylphenols IVa and 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohols IIa, a process for their preparation, and their use as intermediates are also described.

Abstract: Acicular, ferromagnetic metal powders essentially consisting of iron are stabilized against oxidation and corrosion by a two-stage reaction of the metal powder with an oxygen-containing inert gas, by a process in which this gas mixture has a water vapor content of from 70 to 95% relative humidity in the second stage and the oxygen content is from 10 to 20%.