Abstract: A first data processing device (node I) is coupled to a private network which is in turn coupled to the Internet. A second data processing device (node J) is coupled to the same, or to a different network, which is also coupled to the Internet, such that node I communicates to node J using the Internet protocol. Node I is provided with a secret value i, and a public value .alpha..sup.i mod p. Node J is provided with a secret value j, and a public value .alpha..sup.j mod p. Data packets (referred to as "datagrams") are encrypted using the teachings of the present invention to enhance network security. A source node I obtains a Diffie-Helman (DH) certificate for node J, (either from a local cache, from a directory service, or directly from node J), and obtains node J's public value .alpha..sup.j mod p from the DH certificate. Node I then computes the value of .alpha..sup.ij mod p, and derives a key K.sub.ij from the value .alpha..sup.ij mod p. A transient key K.sub.p is then generated at random, and K.sub.

Abstract: An optical interconnect is disclosed that couples multiple optical fibers to an array of optoelectronic devices. The interconnect includes a multiple optical fiber connector and an optoelectronic board. The multiple fiber connector can be mechanically attached to or detached from the board.

Abstract: The system of the present invention provides a mechanism for executing a script sequence containing a plurality of commands and associated time for executing the commands. The system allows a user of the script sequence to specify an arbitrary time, either forward or backward from a current time, and the result of the execution reflects the cumulative effects of executing the script sequence from the beginning up to the arbitrary time. The system provides for a skip ahead mechanism in which commands are executed without waiting for the occurrence of their associated time. The system also provides for rewind and key-frame features.

Abstract: An internal clock that generates a signal from a system clock is provided. The signal generated by the internal clock has a duty cycle that is independent of the system clock. The internal clock may be tuned to provide a desired duty cycle that corresponds to the period required for an operation such as a write to memory. The internal clock may provide a duty cycle that is longer or shorter than the system clock. The signal generated by the internal clock has the same period as the signal generated by the system clock to maintain synchronization of system operations.

Abstract: Photodiodes are integrally formed with vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLEDs) for monitoring optical radiation intensities. In different embodiments, the photodiode is epitaxially formed within a mirror of a VCSEL, non-epitaxially formed on top of a VCSEL, non-epitaxially formed on side of a VCSEL, or formed on the substrate on the side opposite the VCSEL. A lateral injection vertical cavity surface emitting laser is also disclosed for integration with a lateral PIN photodiode. A photodiode having the same epitaxial layers as a VCSEL is also integrally formed alongside of the VCSEL. Similar devices using SLEDs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A client workstation provides a login address as an anonymous ftp (file transfer protocol) request, and a password as a user's e-mail address. A destination server compares the user's e-mail address provided as a password to a list of authorized users' addresses. If the user's e-mail address is located on the list of authorized users' addresses maintained by the destination server, the destination server generates a random number (X), and encrypts the random number in an ASCII representation using encryption techniques provided by the Internet Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) procedures. The encrypted random number is stored in a file as the user's anonymous directory. The server further establishes the encrypted random number as one-time password for the user. The client workstation initiates an ftp request to obtain the encrypted PEM random number as a file transfer (ftp) request from the destination server.

Abstract: An input buffer circuit is implemented in a compound semiconductor technology such as Gallium Arsenide and converts silicon semiconductor logic levels such as those produced by CMOS and TTL integrated circuits and converts them to logic levels compatible with circuits manufactured in compound semiconductor technology. The input buffer employs a balanced input circuit designed to produce an output voltage representing the switch-point of the compound semiconductor technology when the voltage received from a silicon semiconductor circuit equals the switch-point of the silicon semiconductor circuit. Otherwise, the output voltage of the input buffer is proportional to the difference between the voltage received from the silicon semiconductor circuit and the switch-point of the silicon semiconductor circuit. The balanced input circuit minimizes variations in its output voltage due to variations in power supply voltage, circuit temperature and process parameters.

Abstract: A smart card is disclosed which includes an optical receiver for receiving promotion data encoded in a television signal and transmitted through a cathode ray tube of a television. The smart card also includes circuitry for storing the promotion data and circuitry for executing the promotions associated with the promotion data, including circuitry for displaying a promotion in the form of a UPC code on an LCD display. The smart card further includes circuitry for interacting with a user through the LCD display and a plurality of buttons.

Abstract: A first data processing device (node I) is coupled to a private network which is in turn coupled to the Internet. A second data processing device (node J) is coupled to the same, or to a different network, which is also coupled to the Internet, such that node I communicates to node J using the Internet protocol. Node I is provided with a secret value i, and a public value .varies..sup.i mod p. Node J is provided with a secret value j, and a public value .varies..sup.j mod p. Data packets (referred to as "datagrams") are encrypted using the teachings of the present invention to enhance network security. A source node I obtains a Diffie-Helman (DH) certificate for node J, (either from a local cache, from a directory service, or directly from node J), and obtains node J's public value .varies..sup.j mod p from the DH certificate. Node I then computes the value of .varies..sup.ij mod p, and derives a key K.sub.ij from the value .varies..sup.ij mod p. A transient key K.sub.p is then generated at random, and K.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for representing visual images in compressed digital form. A series of digital images is provided to a random access memory and compressed one frame at a time. The compressor of the present invention divides a frame into a predefined number of blocks. Each block is tested to determine whether the block has a homogeneous color distribution. If the block has a homogeneous color distribution as defined by a selected homogeneity test, each pixel in that block is encoded with a single color value. If the block does not have a homogeneous color distribution, the block is split into two distributions, one distribution with a greater luminance than the average luminance of the first distribution and one distribution with a smaller luminance than the average luminance of the first distribution. These distributions are separately tested for homogeneity and the same process is repeated until the region has been resolved into homogeneous distributions.

Abstract: Photodiodes are integrally formed with vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLEDs) for monitoring optical radiation intensities. In different embodiments, the photodiode is epitaxially formed within a mirror of a VCSEL, non-epitaxially formed on top of a VCSEL, non-epitaxially formed on side of a VCSEL, or formed on the substrate on the side opposite the VCSEL. A lateral injection vertical cavity surface emitting laser is also disclosed for integration with a lateral PIN photodiode. A photodiode having the same epitaxial layers as a VCSEL is also integrally formed alongside of the VCSEL. Similar devices using SLEDs are also disclosed.

Abstract: The architecture of the cache memory of the present invention includes a data RAM, a TAG RAM, a controller and pad logic on a single integrated circuit chip. The cache memory is coupled to a CPU and a memory bus controller over a host bus. The host bus receives read data from the cache memory and provides write data to the cache memory. The cache memory controller provides signals to the memory bus controller to indicate whether data accessed by the CPU resides in the cache memory. The present invention increases memory speed by allowing circuit elements in the cache memory to operate during both phases of a system clock signal.

Abstract: A bit line conditioning circuit for a random access memory (RAM) is provided. A pair of driver transistors maintain the bit line and bit line inverse at a high voltage before a memory cell is accessed. When a memory cell is accessed, the driver transistors are turned off such that the memory cell is accessed when the bit line and bit line inverse are not statically loaded. Since the bit line and bit line inverse are not statically loaded when the access is initiated, a read or write operation occurs more quickly than in a prior art RAM. An equalization transistor is coupled across the bit line and bit line inverse, and is turned on when a memory access is initiated to equalize the value over the bit line and bit line inverse.

Abstract: A Universal NLS ("UNLS") paradigm is disclosed to test the integration of localized multi-national software application programs. A user prepares a UNLS test script using a plurality of UNLS operators. The UNLS operators identify non-ASCII and multibyte characters, as well as provide other functions. The UNLS test script created by the user is provided to a UNLS translator which translates the UNLS test script into any one of a number of desired target languages for a selected target computer platform. The UNLS translator translates the UNLS script by translating ASCII character strings in accordance with the UNLS operators. Each ASCII character in an identified string is translated to a predefined "problem" character in the target language. A maximal coverage lookup table maps ASCII characters to problem characters. A "problem" character is defined as a character in the target language which has historically presented a greater likelihood of error when used by a localized computer program.

Abstract: An on-airway breath-by-breath oxygen sensor is described which has the necessary low weight, fast response and high precision required for oxygen consumption measurement. A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is continuously tuned to emit light at the resonance of oxygen, or more generally, the molecular species of interest. The light beam is directed through a sample containing the molecular species of interest onto a detector. The amount of light absorbed is approximately proportional to the concentration of the molecular species of interest in the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for noninvasively diagnosing limb compartment syndrome by measuring a quantitative modulus of hardness. In the preferred embodiment, a low friction piston probe mounted within a platform is applied against a limb compartment. Pressure within the piston probe is increased while measuring the displacement of the piston plunger for each pressure applied. The relationship of incremental pressures in the piston to the displacements of the piston plunger are plotted and a linear regression analysis is performed whose slope forms a quantitative modulus of hardness. In an alternate, completely automated, continuous embodiment, a circumferential cuff secures the piston probe mounted within the a platform against the limb compartment, while the quantitative hardness modulus is formulated.

Abstract: The present invention has application to dedicated multimedia game systems and computer game programs executed by personal computers. A central processing unit (CPU) is coupled to a mass storage device, such as for example, a read-only memory game cartridge, CD-ROM, floppy disk or hard disk drive. The mass storage device stores an application game program which is executed by the CPU and further stores a library of sound data. A sound synthesizer circuit is coupled to the CPU for generating digital audio signals from the sound data stored in said mass storage device. Under program control the CPU selectively provides sound data for a player of the game program to the sound synthesizer circuit. A digital to audio converter (DAC) is coupled to receive the digital audio signals from the sound synthesizer circuit and convert the digital audio signals into analog audio signals.

Abstract: The invention accepts user input that describes the circuit elements of a digital circuit and the interconnections between those elements. Based upon the user input, the invention computes the maximum setup and hold times for each data input of the integrated circuit. First, maximum and minimum delays from the clock inputs to the storage elements on the integrated circuit. Similarly, the maximum and minimum delays from the data inputs of the integrated circuit to each level one storage element are determined where a level one storage element is defined as a storage element that has no other storage elements interposed between it and a data input. For each data input/level one storage element pair, the setup time is computed based upon the previously calculated maximum data delay and minimum clock delay and the required setup time for the element. The desired setup time for a data input is the maximum setup time over all the level one storage elements coupled to that data input.

Abstract: A system for computer-assisted processing of media by an end-user is disclosed. The system preferably includes a relational database management system (RDBMS) containing media content. The RDBMS structure allows users to effectively search an extensive database and identify desired content. At the same time, the adaptive designation of "in-fame" and "out-frame" pointers allows users to efficiently view, modify, annotate, store, and/or distribute to other users only the specific segments of content that are of interest. This highly desirable combination of features reflects the untraditional, open architecture of the system disclosed in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interfacing digital and analog consumer electronic devices with digital and analog broadcast signals. The broadcast signals are received by electronic devices which tune the signals and provide them to set back boxes. The set back boxes process the signals and provide a plurality of signals to a plurality of electronic devices. Analog devices are provided with composite video signals, luminance video signals, chrominance video signals, and at least one audio signal while digital devices are provided with a digital video and audio signal. The processing performed by the set back boxes includes signal descrambling and decryption for analog and digital signals, error correction for digital signals, and intermediate frequency signal processing for analog signals. In addition, to interface digital signals, including high definition television (HDTV) signals, with analog electronic devices, the set back box decompresses the digital signal and converts it to an analog signal.