Abstract: A potassium fluoro-borate glass, including silica and optionally alumina, containing at least 20 mole % potassium computed as K.sub.2 (O,F.sub.2), and wherein there are more fluorine atoms in the glass than oxygen atoms. The range of compositions includes low refractive index glasses, some with refractive indices less than that of silica, and high coefficient of thermal expansion glasses, some with coefficients matching those of aluminum, copper and brass.

Abstract: Cellulose is activated by penetration of the cellulose with a polar medium and mixed at a temperature at which no significant degradation occurs with an amide selected from the group consisting of dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and mixtures thereof and from 3 to 15% by weight of lithium chloride. The cellulose is then dissolved in the amide and lithium chloride in the substantial absence of any polar medium other than the amide. Shaped cellulosic products may be formed by reconstituting the cellulose in fiber, sheet or other form.

Abstract: The production of chemical pulp by the acid sulfite digestion process is improved by increasing the ratio by weight of combined SO.sub.2 to wood to a range of from 4 to 12 (based on one part of combined SO.sub.2 to 100 parts of dry wood) and by increasing the minimum average rate of heating to the substantially maximum cooking temperature to 40.degree. C. per hour.

Abstract: Cellulose acetate is produced by subjecting highly purified cellulosic dissolving pulp to a bleaching sequence including at least one alkaline extraction stage and acetylating the bleached pulp to convert the pulp to cellulose acetate. The yellowness index of the cellulose acetate is reduced by carrying out the alkaline extraction stage in the presence of from 0.2 to 3.3%, based on dry pulp weight, of sodium or hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Volatile organic components are removed from the effluent liquor of an acid sulfite digestion process by concentrating the effluent liquor in multiple stages to form an organic-rich aqueous fraction, an organic-lean aqueous fraction and a high solids content fraction, continuously withdrawing the organic-lean and high solids content fraction from the recovery process, continuously recycling the organic-rich fraction to the digestion step to form a closed loop which acts to build up the concentration of volatile organic components, and continuously separating and withdrawing from the closed loop the bulk of the volatile organic components in a stream more concentrated than that of the closed loop.

Abstract: A structural laminate having a groove impressed on its surface useful as an external siding. The laminate comprises an outer wood face veneer, the grain of which is oriented along a given direction, and at least two particle board plies, the particle board ply nearest the outer face veneer having a particle orientation along a direction perpendicular to the grain of the face veneer, the other of said particle board plies having a particle orientation along the same direction as the face veneer. The composite laminate is produced in a single pressing operation in which the groove is pressed into the outer surface during the pressing of the plies into a composite laminate.

Abstract: A composition comprising a blend of (a) from 55 to 95% by weight of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer and (b) from 5 to 45% by weight of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and an ether of the formula CF.sub.2 .dbd.CF--O--R, wherein R is a perfluoroalkyl radical of 1-5 carbon atoms, has markedly improved mechanical properties when used as a wire coating and particularly increased resistance to flex cracking as compared to polytetrafluoroethylene alone.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulosic product is made flame resistant by the addition to the cellulosic solution from which the product is regenerated of from 3 to 7% by weight of colloidal antimony pentoxide and from 5 to 30% by weight of polyvinyl bromide.

Abstract: A unitary, three-dimensional flexible shell of plasticized polyvinyl chloride of substantially uniform thickness. The shell is produced by spraying a thin layer of a polyvinyl chloride plastigel comprising a dispersion of polyvinyl chloride in a plasticizer onto the surface of a three-dimensional mold corresponding to the outer face of the shell while the mold surface is maintained between room temperature and 100.degree. C. The plastigel during use has a viscosity of 20,000 to 50,000 cps and at least 110,000 cps after 48 hours rest and contains no particles which are sedimentable at these viscosity levels. The layer of polyvinyl chloride is then heated in order to gel the layer.

Abstract: A process for accurately controlling the intrinsic viscosity of sulfite pulp at the termination of a digestion operation comprising predetermining the duration of digestion time required to obtain a given pulp intrinsic viscosity for a range of initial weight ratios of combined SO.sub.2 to wood, determining during the digestion operation the initial weight ratio of combined SO.sub.2 to wood by measuring the rate of change of absorbance in the digestion cooking liquor and terminating the digestion operation at a time corresponding to the predetermined time required to obtain the given pulp intrinsic viscosity at the aforesaid combined SO.sub.2 to wood ratio.

Abstract: Hollow cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is n-octanol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and n-hexanol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers are hollow as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: Improved abrasive articles and methods for manufacturing such articles are disclosed. The articles include porous abrasive grains and abrasive wheels formed from such porous abrasive grains. Non-porous grains are formed from a mixture of abrasive material and burn-out material. Porous grains are formed then by removal of burn-out material when the non-porous grains are fired to form sintered porous abrasive grains. Grinding wheels and the like are then formed from the sintered porous abrasive grains.

Abstract: A coated product providing for the controlled release of an active constituent, such as a fertilizer, over a long period of time comprising a core of an active constituent and two water insoluble coatings. The first coating surrounding the core contains masonry cement, and the second coating preferably contains a blend of one or more thermoplastic polymers and a wax. The coated product provides an unusually long lasting fertilizer at relatively low cost.

Abstract: Recovery of the chemical components of a cellulosic organic solvent regenerating solution containing a dialkylacylamide, a lower aliphatic monohydric alcohol, a nitrite of the alcohol and nitric acid. The process comprises distilling the solution to remove the alcohol nitrite and alcohol, leaving the dialkylacylamide and nitric acid, recovering the alcohol, hydrolyzing to convert the alcohol nitrite to the alcohol and nitrous acid, neutralizing the nitric and nitrous acid with an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide and distilling the solution to remove water and to separate and recover the remaining alcohol, the dialkylacylamide and the nitrate and nitrite salts. The nitrite and nitrate salts are converted by pyrolysis to nitrogen dioxide. The process results in substantially total recovery of the process chemicals.

Abstract: Diallyl esters of dicarboxylic acids are provided corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an organic radical containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, mixed alkyl-cycloalkyl radicals and aralkyl radicals; R' and R" are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl radicals and mixtures thereof; and the total carbon atoms in R, R' and R" is from 10 to 34. These diallyl esters are crosslinking coreactants for polymeric compositions and expecially high temperature processing fluorocarbon polymers. The crosslinked compositions are particularly useful for insulation coatings.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulosic articles are produced by nitrosating and dissolving cellulose in a dialkylacylamide solvent, such as dimethylformamide, and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by passing into a coagulant bath. The coagulant comprises water or a 1 to 4 carbon atom aliphatic monohydric alcohol and a soluble reactive base, the latter in an amount ranging from 6% to 25% by weight of the regenerant. The process produces regenerated cellulose products of improved resistance to alkaline solubility.

Abstract: Shaped cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is butanol, pentanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and propanol, butanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers have a generally crenulated shape as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: Recovery of the chemical components of a cellulosic organic solvent regenerating solution containing a dialkylacylamide, water, nitrous and nitric acid. The process comprises neutralizing the solution to form the metal salts of nitrous and nitric acid, distilling the neutralized solution to remove and recover the water and dialkylacylamide solvent and pyrolyzing the metal salts in the presence of oxygen to remove and recover nitrogen dioxide gas. The process results in substantially total recovery of the process chemicals.

Abstract: A variety of Kentucky bluegrass which exhibits good resistance to common lawn grass diseases including leaf spot, leaf rust, stripe smut and powdery mildew, has an attractive, rich, dark green color and a turf-type growth habit.

Abstract: A variety of Kentucky bluegrass having a good level of disease resistance and in particular to the leaf spot diseases. The variety provides a desirable dark blue green color throughout the growing season, a color which is accented during cool periods of the year as found in spring and fall months. The variety produces a thick dense turf and persists throughout the growing season under a wide range of environmental conditions.