Abstract: A flow sensor comprising a pair of thin film heat sensors and a thin film heater is disclosed. A base supports the sensors and heater out of contact with the base with the sensors disposed on opposite sides of the heater. Also disclosed is a semiconductor device comprising a thin film member which comprises an electrical element. The device further comprises a semiconductor body supporting the thin film member out of contact with the body and apparatus for electrically pulsing the electrical element. Such devices are the basis for many types of apparatus, including flow sensors.

Abstract: A system for determining the modulation imposed on a curl-free magnetic vector potential field. The system includes apparatus for detecting the curl-free magnetic vector potential field component by means of a Josephson junction. The magnetic vector potential field interacts with the Josephson junction by varying the phase of the argument of the sine function which determines the Josephson junction current. The output signals of the Josephson junction are coupled to apparatus that can determine the modulation of the detected field. Because the magnitude of the change in the detected curl-free vector potential field causes a proportional change in the phase of the Josephson junction current, the modulation of the field can be established.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing and modulating a magnetic vector potential field having a substantially curl-free component. Detection and demodulation of the curl-free component of the magnetic vector potential field using a Josephson junction device are described of the curl-free magnetic vector field. Examples of modulation of the curl-free magnetic vector field suitable for detection and demodulation by the Josephson junction device are disclosed.