Abstract: A heat exchanger of increased effectiveness is disclosed. A porous metal matrix is disposed in a metal chamber or between walls through which a heat-transfer fluid is directed. The porous metal matrix has internal bonds and is bonded to the chamber in order to remove all thermal contact resistance within the composite structure. Utilization of the invention in a rocket chamber is disclosed as a specific use. Also disclosed is a method of constructing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A spherical bearing including an inner ball having an opening for receiving a shaft and a spherical outer surface. A circular outer race including a plurality of circumferentially spaced sections extending around the inner ball for snugly receiving the inner ball. A groove extends circumferentially around the race producing a thin wall portion therebelow which permits the opposed side portions to flex relative to the ball for maximizing the physical contact between the inner surface of the race and the spherical outer surface of the ball.

Abstract: A heterojunction or Schottky barrier photovoltaic device comprising a conductive base metal layer compatible with and coating predominately the exposed surface of the p-type substrate of the device such that a back surface field region is formed at the interface between the device and the base metal layer, a transparent, conductive mixed metal oxide layer in integral contact with the n-type layer of the heterojunction or Schottky barrier device having a metal alloy grid network of the same metal elements of the oxide constituents of the mixed metal oxide layer embedded in the mixed metal oxide layer, an insulating layer which prevents electrical contact between the conductive metal base layer and the transparent, conductive metal oxide layer, and a metal contact means convering the insulating layer and in intimate contact with the metal grid network embedded in the transparent, conductive oxide layer for conducting electrons generated by the photovoltaic process from the device.

Abstract: Diffusants are applied onto semiconductor solar cell substrates using screen printing techniques. The method is applicable to square and rectangular cells and can be used to apply dopants of opposite types to the front and back of the substrate. Then, simultaneous diffusion of both dopants can be performed with a single furnace pass.

Abstract: A panel for selectively absorbing solar energy comprising an aluminum substrate, a layer of zinc thereon, a layer of nickel over the zinc layer and an outer layer of solar energy absorbing nickel oxide or a copper substrate with a layer of nickel thereon and a layer of solar energy absorbing nickel oxide distal from the copper substrate. A method for making aforesaid panels is disclosed.

Abstract: A gas-lubricated bearing employing at least one pad mounted on a rectangular cantilever beam to produce a lubricating wedge between the face of the pad and a moving surface. The load-carrying and stiffness characteristics of the pad are related to the dimensions and modulus of elasticity of the beam. The bearing is applicable to a wide variety of types of hydrodynamic bearings.

Abstract: Apparatus for the separation and extraction of molecular isotopes. Molecules of one and the same isotope are preferentially photo-dissociated by a laser and an ultra-violet source, or by multi-photon absorption of laser radiation. The resultant ions are confined with a magnetic field, moved in opposite directions by an electric field, extracted from the photo-dissociation region by means of screening and accelerating grids, and collected in ducts.

Abstract: A solar cell panel is fabricated by photoetching a pattern of collector grid systems with appropriate interconnections and bus bar tabs into a glass or plastic sheet. These regions are then filled with a first, thin conductive metal film followed by a layer of a mixed metal oxide, such as InAsO.sub.x or InSnO.sub.x. The multiplicity of solar cells are bonded between the protective sheet at the sites of the collector grid systems and a back electrode substrate by conductive metal filled epoxy to complete the fabrication of an integrated solar panel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a flexible separator for use between the electrodes of Ni-Cd and Ni-Zn batteries using alkaline electrolytes. The separator is made by coating a porous substrate such as sheets or mats of asbestos or other materials with a battery separator composition. The coating material includes a rubber-based resin copolymer, a plasticizer and inorganic and organic fillers which comprise 55% by volume or less of the coating as finally dried. One or more of the filler materials, whether organic or inorganic, is preferably active with the alkaline electrolyte to produce pores in the separator coating. The plasticizer is an organic additive such as a material which is hydrolyzed by the alkaline electrolyte to improve conductivity of the separator coating.

Abstract: Apparatus for regulating pressure of treatment fluid being supplied to a human or animal eye during ophthalmic procedures such as cataract surgery is disclosed.Flow sensing and pressure regulating diaphragms are provided in a body to modulate a flow control valve. The pressure regulating diaphragm is connected to the flow control valve to urge the valve to an open position due to pressure being applied to the diaphragm by bias means such as a spring. The flow sensing diaphragm is mechanically connected to the flow control valve and urges it to an opened position because of the differential pressure on the diaphragm generated by a flow of incoming treatment fluid through an orifice in the diaphragm. A bypass connection with a variable restriction is connected in parallel relationship to the orifice to provide for adjusting the sensitivity of the flow sensing diaphragm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconditioning batteries utilizing a DC-DC converter. During a discharge of the batteries, each cell is monitored by the converter. When the voltage of a cell decreases to a predetermined level, a converter will assume the load of this cell and inhibit the voltage from reaching zero, thereby preventing voltage reversal of that cell.

Abstract: A system for tethering one orbiting space vehicle to another in which a tetherline between the vehicles is controlled by a motorized reel which in turn is controlled to deploy, retrieve, or maintain a constant line length while effecting a stabilizing influence on the line. This is accomplished by applying a tension to the line which takes into account the instantaneous length of the line, rate of change of the length of the line, and certain constants which vary depending upon the mode of operation, deployment, retrieval, or station keeping.

Abstract: Electrical connections to solar cells in a module are made at the same time the cells are encapsulated for protection. The encapsulating material is embossed to facilitate the positioning of the cells during assembly.

Abstract: A transparent, conductive collector layer containing conductive metal channels is formed as a layer on a photovoltaic substrate by coating a photovoltaic substrate with a conductive mixed metal layer; attaching a heat sink having portions protruding from one of its surfaces which define a continuous pattern in combination with recessed regions among said protruding portions to said substrate such that said protruding portions of said heat sink are in contact with the conductive layer of said substrate; andHeating said substrate while simultaneously oxidizing the portions of the conductive layer exposed to a gaseous oxidizing substance forced into said recessed regions of said heat sink, thereby creating a transparent metal oxide layer on said substrate containing a continuous pattern of highly conductive metal channels in said layer.

Abstract: A recognition system for robots is responsive to encoded information from a plurality of sources for enabling a robot to recognize and identify the sources. A receiver located on the robot detects incoming signals and decodes them. The decoded signal is compared with information stored in the robot memory to provide source identification. A direction determining sub-system incorporated into the receiver provides source direction information. The system may utilize either digital or analog techniques.

Abstract: A sprayable, low density ablative composition consisting essentially of:A. 100 parts by weight of a mixture of 25-65% by weight of phenolic microballoons,0-20% by weight of glass microballoons,4-10% by weight of glass fibers,25-45% by weight of an epoxy-modified polyurethane resin,2-4% by weight of a bentonite dispersing aid and1-2% by weight of an alcohol activator for the bentonite;B. 1-10 parts by weight of an aromatic amine curing agent; andC. 200-400 parts by weight of a solvent.

Abstract: Atomic hydrogen, for use as a fuel or as an explosive, is stored in the presence of a strong magnetic field in exfoliated layered compounds such as molybdenum disulfide or an elemental layer material such as graphite. The compound is maintained at liquid helium temperatures and the atomic hydrogen is collected on the surfaces of the layered compound which are exposed during delamination (exfoliation). The strong magnetic field and the low temperature combine to prevent the atoms of hydrogen from recombining to form molecules.

Abstract: Porous copper workpieces are obtained byA. obtaining a copper workpiece having a selected grain size;B. machining the workpiece to a selected size and shape;C. electrochemically polishing said workpiece;D. annealing said workpiece from step (c) in oxygen at a temperature from 750.degree. to 1080.degree. C. and a pressure of 10.sup.-4 - 10.sup.2 Torr; andE. annealing said workpiece from step (d) in hydrogen.

Abstract: A closed loop apparatus for spraying coolant against the back of a radiation target. The coolant is circulated through a closed loop with a bubble of inert gas being maintained around the spray. Mesh material is disposed between the bubble and the surface of the liquid coolant which is below the bubble at a predetermined level. In a second embodiment no inert gas is used, the bubble consisting of vapor produced when the coolant is sprayed against the target.

Abstract: A superconducting microbridge is provided for use in superconducting quantum interference devices wherein a pair of spaced layers of superconductive material are connected by a weak link bridge to establish an electrical junction. The superconductive layers and bridge are coated with a semiconductor material shunting the bridge at room temperatures to prevent the destruction of the device by minute electrical currents while the coating acts as a dielectric permitting normal electrical behavior of the microbridge at cryogenic temperatures.